JEFFERSON, JAMES MADISON & THE WAR OF 1812

 British & French still fighting (remember – they DO NOT GET ALONG! French & Indian War, American Revolution, etc.)  Britain banned American voyages between the French West Indies and France  So, the U.S. and France come up with a plan called Reexport Trade FINISHING UP: JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY

 British needs soldiers – Impressment (stealing/raiding) of U.S. Ships  Americans angry!  Chesapeake/Leopard Affair (1807)  Leopard (British) fires on Chesapeake (American)  Greatly angered Americans JEFFERSON, CONTINUED

Jefferson, continued  Embargo Act of 1807  Jefferson still doesn’t want to go to war  Ends trade with GB  It DID NOT WORK! –led to bankruptcy among American merchants and farmers  Tainted Jefferson’s reputation at the end of his presidency

 Jefferson leaves with America on the brink of war  James Madison (from VA) wins in a landslide  Was Jefferson’s Secretary of State  VP = George Clinton ELECTION OF 1808 Years of presidency:

 Imagine you are James Madison, president of the United States in 1809  Read the memo  In small groups (3-4), brainstorm at least 3 ideas for handling the situation with Britain and France. Pick which of these 3 ideas you think would be most effective.  Ex. Forming alliances, declaring war, etc. MEMO TO JAMES MADISON

 Dilemma of how to deal with British & French attacks on U.S. ships  Realizes he can no longer maintain Washington’s policy of ISOLATIONSIM  Offered a deal to both France & GB: If their country would stop attacking American ships, America would no longer trade with their enemy  British refused  France agreed  So, America stopped all trade with GB  But… U.S. ships continued to get attacked by both sides  So, Madison goes to war in 1812! MADISON FACES A DILEMMA

HENRY CLAY (KY), SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE (LEADER OF WAR HAWKS)

ANOTHER WARHAWK: JOHN C. CALHOUN (SC)

THE WAR OF

 August 1814, British troops marched unopposed into DC.  They set fire to the capitol, White House, and many other government buildings  Humiliated DC for weeks BRITISH INVASION OF WASHINGTON

 September 1814, British lay siege to Baltimore  After witnessing the successful defense of the city and Ft. McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner BALTIMORE

TREATY OF GHENT – ENDS THE WAR OF 1812

 Hero – Andrew Jackson  Occurred after Treaty was signed  Why was this possible?  Helped legitimize LA Purchase BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS JANUARY 8, 1815

1.America formally and finally gains independence from England 2.Impressment is ended 3.Standing Army and Navy 4.Collapse of the Federalist Party 5.Rise of Andrew Jackson as a national hero 6.Era of Good Feelings – stability in American government RESULTS OF THE WAR OF 1812