Future platform technologies and architectures ITU Workshop on “Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) for Telecommunication Ecosystems: from today’s realities to requirements and challenges of the future” (Geneva, Switzerland, 17 October 2011 ) Future platform technologies and architectures Roberto Minerva, Manager of IC Scenarios Telecom Italia – Future Centre

Agenda A New Context for Telecomms The Rising Importance of Data Many paradoxes … The Rising Importance of Data IoT and Data Personal Data = Data + Identity Deriving some requirements for Operators’ Platforms R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

A New Context for Telecomms R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Towards 2020: the future of networks Fiber reaches a large part of homes and enterprises, it guarantees: Unlimited bandwidth Low cost per bit Everywhere connectivity flat rate also for mobile User is ABC (Always Best Connected) Transparent Connectivity (user always connected at the lower prices and best bandwidth) Strong Integration (at the terminal level) between mobile and fixed networks Cognitive Radio (terminals adapt to the available networks) Rapid change of Providers Dynamic Business Models Users connected to smaller, more efficient and cheaper cell Importance of Data Seamless access to personal data Capability to dynamically create, aggregate and update personal data New data type and data sets Integration between real and virtual related data User controlled access to data Services strongly related to users and their social relationships Identity Management and their association to Biometric techniques Different roles and identities per user Diminishing role of SIMs Fundamental Role of Terminals Abundance of Storage (1TB in the terminal, toward infinite in the network?) High processing Capabilities in the terminals (context controlled locally by the terminal) Capability to interoperate will be embedded in terminals and will be downloadable OTA Software embedded in the terminal makes the device more a personal service platform than a product. They will be personalized according to the specific user needs Pervasive Communication Ubiquitous connectivity Broad classes of communicating objects (smart object, beacons, smart materials, sensors, micromachinery, ...) Explosion of Augmented Reality and Internet of Things applications Connectivity is a commodity Terminals are flexible and personal service platforms Data center larger and larger R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre 4

Difference on Services WebCos work on DATA Telecoms work on BITS R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Two Operators Problems € New Services New Revenue Streams SMART OPERATOR Revenue Cut Costs Optimize LEAN OPERATOR Bit Pipe t 2015 R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

a Network Operating System Two approaches Lean Operator Smart Operator Networks will become highly dynamic Complex Systems made out of many heterogeneous networks, systems and intelligent endpoints Complexity will result in: Costly infrastructure difficult to install, manage and integrate Lack of optimization of usage of resources Lack of knowledge of the “network" as a whole and how it is globally and locally behaving in supporting customers requests Decoupling Services from the Network Global reach independent of the access network; mashup of local and global resources (Net of Nets) Provide Global Services the long tail is much bigger because the marginal costs of a global solution are smaller (Skype: the costs for building a global software are marginal) 0-Touch Networks De-perimeterization of Services  a Network Operating System R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

New Classes of Services Internet of Things Extended Reality Social Media e-Government Data … (what’ s this?) Always Best Connected (ABC) Evolution of VPNs Smart Operator Lean Operator R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Building a Data Path for Operators Exploit data related opportunities Move from Bits to Management of Information R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

The network itself is a source of Information

Mining the Operators Gold Mines Personal Data allow for Profiling the User CDR data Location Related info Usage of Internet Connectivity IPTV usage ... Statistical Data (related to more than one user) Usage of Network Resources Location Information and mobs movement Technologies Data Mining Reasoning Derive Data from Uncertainty Neutralization http://www.seshat.ch/home/geom06.htm

Internet of Things R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Objects, Terminals, Networks as Personal Info Producers Intelligent Terminals Smart Objects NFC, Wifi, UWB, BT, … 3G, 4G, other public nets, … Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

How Many Nodes, How Many Messages, How Much Bandwidth ? Issue: low average traffic, but highly impulsive traffic (e.g., SPIKES: all objects wake up at 3 a.m. and send high priority messages) Likely the communications between nodes will be framed into B2B2C relationships Many objects/nodes will come with communications already paid for (I.e., embedded communications) Millions GB/Year Message / Day 10 M Aggregators Message size: 10 kB 3 10 100 600 1000 1440 Operators should try to be Aggregators by providing real-time messaging engines (e.g., based on PubSub), by creating communities, and by supporting the deployment of the infrastructure (at home and in the public domain) Equivalent Volume as the one generated by 20 M users (3 min phone call per day) 14

Where is the Value then ? Relationships Inference Aggregation Knowledge Information Data Relationships Inference Aggregation Personalization R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Some Issues with networked data R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

A First Issue: proper Management of Personal Data Excerpt form: “Personal Data - The Emergence of a New Asset Class” (WEF) Source: Bain & Company A “user-centric personal data eco-system” (WEForum) Volunteered data: created and explicitly shared by individuals Observed data: captured by recording the actions of individuals Inferred data: based on analysis of volunteered or observed information; Personal Data should be properly managed R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre 17

But what is the Value of Personal Data? The value of the single datum depends on the usage context: The kind of collected datum: V(CreditCard) > V(SocialSecurityNumber) Time reference: V(CreditCard, today)>> V(CreditCard, 4years ago) The value of the Person in the usage context: Importance of the person V(CreditCard, SB) >> V(CreditCard, RM) The linkage of the datum The connection of the datum and the person: How many data can be connected to the datum (es.: FoaF) Is the datum owner well connected (a Hub kind of person) V(a) > V(b) How much data (derived from http://www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/2009/04/27/intranet-roi/) Metcalfe’s Law: n(n-1)/2 Reed’s Law: 2n – n-1 Briscoe, Odlyzko, and Tilly Law: n log (n) Beckstrom Law: V = ΣB – ΣC

Identity of Things Things can collect user related actions and data Each Resource is addressable Each resource is CONNECTED Connectivity must be guaranteed in a variety of environments Secure Links have to be guaranteed Each Resource can be associated to a User (Identity) Who owns these relations :UserId - Location - ResourceId - data used/generated ? Things can collect user related actions and data Each Thing can be used for tracking Users Owners of Things can collect a lot of data

Dealing with Data: Data Anonimization, Contracts and Contextualization R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Nodes will connect each other in unpredictable ways Many Objects scattered in the env (with local communication) Some Aggregators gathering and dispatching information Networks to cross Aggregation 2 1 2 Aggregation 1 Increasing richness and complexity at the edge of (Operators’) networks Aggregation 3 3 Node Aggregation at time t1 Network 1 3 Aggregation 2 Aggregation 1 2 Node Aggregation at time t2 http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php

A Second Issue: Complexity is moving to the edge Functionalities and data generation/consumption and storage in the edge Networks will comprise smart objects and processing, storage, communication resources Data and Info will be the user target and not mere connectivity Complexity coalesces at the edges (more nodes and more capabilities) While big networks are flattening and becoming simpler (less nodes) Local aggregation vs. average coverage Aggregation of intelligent points will be mainly unpredictable and even if high average connectivity capabilities will be provided, such a dynamic concentration will challenge the networks capabilities Competition for scarce resources for a limited period of time Terminals will have a key role Terminals as an integral part of the communication environment Mobility will be assumed for the majority of terminals Need to control new complex systems without human intervention The Operator's network needs to support and help in this new context R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Dealing with Complexity at the edge: Self-Organization of Networks Management of complex and dynamic “Network s of Networks” will be critical No human intervention possible Competition on resources Require Self-organization Game theory techniques for highly distributed systems http://innovation.gsa.gov/blogs/OCIO.nsf/dx/Management-Innovators-Bookshelf-Small-Pieces-Loosely-Joined-A-Unified-Theory-of-the-Web-by-David-Weinberger-2002 R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

A Tussle: Future Internet and Identity There is a need for an Identity Layer in the Future Internet For identify people For identify things To relate things, people and places For freeing people from Identity Providers People have the right to exist independently from a provider People are the owners of their identity (and names), homonymies should be managed in a far way (way just one Mario Rossi when there are plenty …) Open framework Many options, and, in certain circumstances, support for Certification by a provider (a bank), the government, others Need for a lot of standardization and discussion Need to safeguard and protect the ownership of data R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

A Bit of Technology R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Current Paradigms are not future proof Control Layer Network Intelligence (e.g., IMS) is a hierarchical model based on the assumption that control has to be exerted by a few specialized control nodes Resources Physical Layer Client – Server model totally disregards the network aspects and can easily lead to a tragedy of commons (misuse of common networking resources) Server Client network R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Ossification of Internet and Perspective for the Future Internet Security. Currently it is tackled as an issue at the edge, while the network(s) could contribute to relieve some issues (e.g., DDOS) Mobility, the current Internet has not been designed for an optimal management of mobility, the Future Internet has to deal with a multitude of highly mobile objects (mobility built in) Network Identity, Users are not recognized and managed in the network, they are managed only at the edges (specific servers or applications) Integration of Applications and Transport/Control Layers. Currently there are not consolidated interfaces that allow for a better cooperation between the Network and the Apps. Many applications do not use resources properly (e.g., p2p applications do retrieve data from far away hosts) Edges are becoming themselves Networks. There is the need to understand and manage the dynamics around Networks of Networks: i.e., complex systems that impulsively request resources and use them while these resources have been designed to support statistically determined needs Focus on data and info and not on transport of bits

Enabling technologies autonomic capabilities and bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., gossiping, self-organization algorithms), to deal with complexity; (self-organized) P2P overlays for clustering components, to guarantee scalability, reliability, and abstraction from underlying network; resources virtualization, based on abstraction for coping with heterogeneity and on the definition of dynamic slices for multiple allocations; programmable “intelligent” mechanisms, e.g., based on auctions, game theory, etc., for optimized resource allocation and use; cognitive cross layering, to allow the network to perceive conditions, decide and act autonomically to reach local/global/end-to-end goals in an optimal way, in cooperation with autonomic and self-organizing behavior of resources; grid Computing to better integrate different resources (computing storage and network and to integrate new ones (sensors., actuators, micromachinery, ...) Information centric networking to better collect and use the needed wanted data information R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

New Control Patterns: Publish – Subscribe Model New Control Patterns that exceed the client-server and the “network intelligence” models Transaction oriented processing PubSub Google code: PubSUb Hubbub R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre 29

Information Centric Networking http://www.xerox.com/innovation/news-stories/networking/enus.html http://www.4ward-project.eu/index.php?id=29 4ward project: in this paradigm, the communication abstraction presented to applications is based on transfer of application data objects instead of the end-to-end reliable byte-stream used by the majority of applications today. Content Centric Networking A Self-Organizing Network That Meets Information Needs What Is It? A new approach to networking that enables networks to self-organize and push relevant content where needed. Content-centric networking enables communication to happen anywhere, anytime, and with any device - using any available means. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

What Role and Architecture for Operators ? R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Resources Pooling from several Ownership Domains A New Layering TELECOM ITALIA Intelligence: Customer & Context Awareness Service Platforms Overlay Networks Autonomic Behavior Resources Virtualization Infrastructure: Fibre everywhere Wireless Drop termination MultiTera in the Core Gbps in wired access, 10Mbps wireless Flat Architecture, IPv6 on the core optical layer Resources Pooling from several Ownership Domains R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Operator’s Strategies TELECOM ITALIA Service Provider Service Enabler BIT Carrier The Network Architecture is influenced by the Operator’s Strategy

Choose Your Role and Your Network Bit Carrier Transport the data in the better way for the customer Helping Customer in retrieving INFORMATION Ease the work of finding data and information, linking them into something meaningful and manage them Be good to transport lots of bits Platform Provider Build a Data oriented Platform (new networking + data handling) for others to use Service Provider Transform Data into Information and create plenty of services by means of meaningful interfaces R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Generalized Control Plane A Bit Carrier Network TELECOM ITALIA Fiber Metro DWDM Core DWDM Subscriber Mngmt AAA Access Aggregation Core Business Residential Switch Edge IP Carrier IX Content Provider eNB Addressing Mobility Identity Monitoring QoS / Policy Billing Functions Layer 2 Carrier Transport Layer 3 / IP Generalized Control Plane Focus on TRANSPORT Few basic SERVICES Control Platf. BASIC R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Service Enabler’s Network (a Network Operating System) TELECOM ITALIA Platform APIs High Value Funct. by the NETWORK Information Centric NETWORK Beyond the CLIENT-SERVER model Customised levels of API Control functions in the NETWORK New Communic. Models PUB-SUBSCRIBE Integration with other NETWORKS and TERMINALS Abstraction System APIs Virtualized Resource Control Plane (Network OS) AAA Addressing Storage ... MOBILITY ... processing Meta dati Negotiation/Bid Allocation/ Integration Existing functions New functions Layer 3 / IP Data Center IT/BSS/OSS Legacy Fast Switching Core Information-centric Edge New Networking Models beyond IP towards Information Centric Networking External Clouds eNB Switch IP Carrier IX Content Provider Layer 2 Carrier Transport Fiber Metro DWDM Core DWDM Subscriber Access Aggregation Edge Core R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

How The Network Could Look Like Fixed (Fiber) Wireless ACCESS IP Platform Optical Platform Aggregation Edge Core Customer owned: Networks/ NASes / Routers / … Data Centers/ Servers / IT Resources / Complex Devices/Networks Owned and Shared: Terminals/ PCs/gateways/ sensors/ Wifi / General Control and Management (Zero Touch) Overlays of autonomic virtualized components and Data Virtualization Layer Simple Devices/Networks Telecom Services Ecosystem of Services Third Party Servics Future Learning Retail Evolution Enterprise Processes Virtual Env.ss Future of Energy Provider Service Enabler Bit Carrier Other Resources (not shared) Plarforms EcoSystems Shared and virtualized device/reource Other resources R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre 37

My 2 ¢ suggestions What T.I. is doing What should be done Working on alternative models for dealing with personal data Working on a Network OS with open APIs Working on zero-touch networks (e.g., AFI) Working on ICN (European projects) Working on a new view of Identity Future Internet will be dominated by Tussles: looking at networks and architecture with more user flavor (involving more user associations ?) Propose an open framework for Identity and related issues (profiling, data ownership,…) Push for a shift from bits to data and ICN A Great Initiative for User Controlled Network of Networks and Data ? R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Thank you! Roberto Minerva TORINO - Italy Phone: +39 011 228 7027 Email: roberto.minerva@telecomitalia.com R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre 39 39