1. Internet of Things. Creating Our Future Together.
Yuriy Budenko, Development Expert
SAP Ukraine, September 2015

2. Agenda What is the Internet of Things Technical Challenges of IoT
Architectural Challenges of IoT
Demo Example
Conclusion
Представиться. Рассказать что ждет. Я постарался включить в презентацию практические вещи, а также немного задуматься о глобальных идеях, заглянув ненадолго в наше ближайшее будущее.
Британцы провели глобальный опрос на тему «Какое изобретение 20 ст изменило наш мир больше всего?». Большинство людей, конечно же, не задумываясь ответили …

3. The Internet Конечно же, Интернет
Более 3 миллиардов людей используют Интернет каждый день. При этом на первом месте в задачах использования – поиск полезной информации. А на втором – общение (более 2 миллиардов людей – активные пользователи социальных сетей).
Интернет очень сильно изменил нашу жизнь.
Мы условно можем поделить нашу жизнь на эру до Интернета, период после. Причем такие глобальные изменения произошли всего за 25 лет.
Как вы думаете сколько вебсайтов существовало во всемирной паутине в конце 1993-го года? А сегодня если Интернет не будет работать сутки, то 196 миллиардов имейлов и 3 миллиарда поисковых запросов в гугл придется ждать своей очереди.
Что будет дальше? Изменения происходят все быстрее. Какая тенденция ждет нас в ближайшие 20 лет?

4. IoT is connecting information, people, and things
Internet of content
Internet of people
Internet of things
If we look more closely at the transition from the third to fourth stages of the industrial revolution, you can see that the Internet straddles both of these eras:
Initially, we saw a machine-to-people connection via an Internet that fostered the dissemination of content.
With the advent of social networks, we saw people-to-people connections that changed how we look at the Internet and the notions of collaboration.
Today, we’re seeing an era of people-to-machine, machine-to-people, machine-to-machine, and people-to-people connections that engage people, processes, data, and machines in a bidirectional flow of information that will transform what’s possible.
This era is the Internet of Things – the ability for machines to monitor, analyze, and truly automate business – in real time.
Уже давно мы наблюдаем связь «человек – информация» с помощью Интернета, с появлением социальных сетей видим и активно участвуем и в связи «человек – человек». IoT принесет невообразимо большее. Это – связь вещей и вещей, вещей и людей, даже людей и природы. Это особая попытка создать некую вещественную единую базу. Это больше не глобальный доступ к информации, а реализация конкретных физических вещей.

5. What is IoT
Простой и хороший пример, чтобы понять что мир меняется. Нам кажется, что мы можем узнать у гугла все. Но это просто информация, она редко привязана к конкретным вещам, которые нам необходимо знать. Чаще всего это обобщенная информация, на основе которой мы строим предположения по поводу уже конкретных вещей. Есть вопросы, с которыми гугл нам вряд ли поможет? Пример

6. Vision of IoT
А теперь ответим на главный вопрос для программистов – Как это работает?

7. Ingredients of IoT fe80::e2f8:47ff:fe2a:2340 Unique Identity Sensors
“Thing”
Sensors
fe80::e2f8:47ff:fe2a:2340
Unique Identity
Analytics and Prediction
Connectivity & Inter-Connectivity
. Сенсоры: ИВ-устройства и системы имеют сенсоры, отслеживающие и измеряющие активность в реальном мире. Пример – сенсоры закрытия в системе Smartthings, фиксирующие открыты или закрыты дверцы шкафчика для посуды, окно или дверь в доме.
. Подключение: Интернет-подключение либо доступно самому устройству, либо осуществляется посредством хаба, смартфона или базовой станции, в то время как вся ИВ-система обычно подключена к Интернету или «облаку».
. Процессоры: как и всякое устройство, ИВ-устройство будет обладать некоторой вычислительной мощностью, «спрятанной под капотом», позволяющей анализировать входящую информацию и передавать её.

8. Example – Predictive Maintenance
Давайте посмотрим на более глобальные примеры.
Scenario:
-- add sensors to machine and do a first run. Gather data in mint condition of machine
-- over time monitor sensor data and deviations from normal machine properties
-- derive maintenance windows and signal alerts if the machine needs maintenance.
-- remotely monitor the machine
--- e.g. air plane, oil drills, energy converters, etc.
GE has equipped their airplane turbines with sensors.
Per flight up to 1 TB of data can be produced.
That needs to be analysed for deviations etc. for predictive maintenance.

9. Example – Smart Home Scenario:
-- smart meter monitors time. When energy is cheap, the heating switches on.
-- if washing machine has an error, you receive an SMS and immediately call a technician
-- check if your oven is turned off from your mobile
-- NEC scenario: camera in your living room, sensors that detect burglars, you get an SMS on your mobile, can access your home and call the police.

10. Example – Smart Cities Scenario:
-- monitor pollution in city and inform citizens via mobile apps to keep windows closed
-- monitor traffic and re-route cars to avoid traffic jams
-- save energy by detecting if a building / department is empty and switching off all lights
-- monitor trash bin of an apartment building. If it is full, raise event so that it is emptied
27% of all traffic caused in San Francisco is due to people looking for a parking space.
-- Parking Lots equipped with sensors monitor if they are free or not. With a mobile app, your car could know where there are free parkings nearby!
-- Connected Cars connected to Smart Cities can do the trick and avoid co2 emissions, pollution and traffic jams.

11. Technical Challenges
These challenges need to be solved by someone else – but not SAP!

12. Excursion: Sensor Networks
Backbone Network / Cloud
Sensors are routers
-- Possible Problems:
---- What if a sensor (router) drops out ( failure tolerant routing mechanisms)
---- What if a sensor gets stolen, runs out of battery or is manipulated
---- Sensors closely located to each other measure overlapping (redundant) data ( consolidation of data on the edge is necessary to save bandwidth).
---- Potentially huge amount of data that needs to be transferred
---- Maintenance and management of potentially many sensors
---- Lifetime of sensors & Failure Detection.
---- Network Bandwidth

13. Technical Challenges Possible Problems in Sensor Networks
Sensor Failure
Failure tolerant routing mechanisms are required
Failure detection is required
Sensor Lifetime and Maintenance
Battery consumption of sensors has to be very low
Remote maintenance of potentially huge amounts of sensors
Security: Sensor Theft or Manipulation
New security mechanisms have to be invented – not only software but also hardware attacks are possible!
Battery draining attacks can occur
Data Consolidation
Sensors closely located to each other measure overlapping (redundant) data  consolidation of data on the network edge is necessary to save bandwidth
Network Bandwidth
Potentially huge amount of data that needs to be transferred
Last mile is the bottleneck
Sensors are routers
-- Possible Problems:
---- What if a sensor (router) drops out ( failure tolerant routing mechanisms)
---- What if a sensor gets stolen, runs out of battery or is manipulated
---- Sensors closely located to each other measure overlapping (redundant) data ( consolidation of data on the edge is necessary to save bandwidth).
---- Potentially huge amount of data that needs to be transferred
---- Maintenance and management of potentially many sensors
---- Lifetime of sensors & Failure Detection.
---- Network Bandwidth
These challenges need to be solved by someone else – but not SAP!

14. Architectural Challenges
These challenges will affect SAP’s architects, so we need to keep them in mind for architectures dealing with IoT.

15. Architectural Challenges
A platform that supports IoT has to support…
Extensibility
Plug-in like architecture to support a growing / extending number of sensors and actuators
Mass data processing (possibly near-real time) and storage
Projected data volume to be generated by IoT is beyond exabyte (=1 billion gigabytes) level
Fast analytics and storage are key to success in IoT
Mass Data Consistency & Aggregation
Overlapping sensors sense redundant data. Consolidation of data will be key!
Security & Privacy
Identity Management & Access Control
Privacy and security make the difference between “1984” and the world running better
Network Bandwidth & Scalable Architectures
Potentially huge amount of data that needs to be transferred & processed
High-availability & scalability will be key to an IoT platform architecture
Presentation
Mobile Apps & Dashboards require intuitive ways to display masses of complex data
These challenges will need to be solved by SAP!
Mass Data: Today’s generation of connected cars product 25 GB per hour. For next gen. connected cars, 250 GB and more are expected per hour.

16. Platform for the Internet of Things
What could a platform for IoT look like*?
Web Portal
Mobile Apps
Dashboard
(Real-Time) Event Processing & Analytics Layer
Aggregation / Bus Layer
Identity & Access Management
Communication Gateway Layer
Device Management
SAP intend to build a platform for IoT.
At the bottom you have the devices / sensors / actuators.
You have a heterogeneous set of protocols which need to be integrated in a Communication Gateway Layer.
Data from the sensor will have to be aggregated and transferred between processors.
An extensible analytics and (real-time) processing layer will be key to the platform and results will be exposed via portals, dashboards and mobile apps.
An integral part of the platform will have to be Device Management Capabilities and Identity and Access Management to ensure Security and Privacy.
HTTP
MQTT
KNX
UDP …
* based on: WSO2 – A Reference Architecture for the Internet of Things

17. SAP HANA Cloud Platform for the Internet of Things
User and developer experience
Data center
Infrastructure services
Data models
Predictive
Search
Spatial
Rules
. . .
Common application programming interface (API) layer
Storage
Device connector for SAP HANA platform, Internet of Things edition
SAP Business Suite
Third-party apps and services
Runtimes
Stream and event processing
Identity management
Document management
Mobile …
Device integration
External data sources
Partner and third-party integration
SAP, partner, and custom apps
Application services

18. Opportunities

19. What’s in it for us? Big Data Cloud Integration Mobile Integration
Mass Data Analysis, Storage and Aggregation are an ideal application context for HANA
Cloud Integration
Connect sensors to the cloud and offer an integration platform there
Integration of Cloud and IoT can optimize business processes  benefit for SAP’s customers
Mobile Integration
Mobile as display / monitor / actuator device
Mobile as sensor!
Healthcare
Tele-medicine for the elderly
Assisted Living Scenarios
 Completely new business models (e.g. pay per usage, etc.)
Phone becomes a tri-corder. It can read out a vast amount of sensor data in the vicinity.
New business models:
Example: City Car. You don’t have to rent a car for an entire day anymore, if all you need it for is 2 hours. You can pay for usage, not for fixed time periods.
Win-Win situation: Customer pays only for what he used. Service Provider can offer service (car) to more customers per day and increase revenue.

20. Risks?! Oh yes! Finding meaningful use cases is key to success
Complexity
Keep it simple!
Keep it understandable for customers and consumers
Privacy & Security
Privacy and Security will distinguish between success and failure
Managing one’s own privacy will become a complex task – and needs to be kept simple (negative example: Facebook)
How to make money
New business models are key to making money with IoT
Business models will have an impact on the architecture of solutions!

21. Demo Example https://hana.ondemand.com/

22. The future is here
IoT открывает нам новые возможности. Мы стоим у истоков совершенно другого типа познания окружающего мира. Наши смартфоны постепенно становятся нашими учебниками и учителями. С помощью IoT мы сможем мониторить здоровье человека и спасать жизни, мы сможем организовать сложной системой мегаполисов, учитывая пробки, используя оптимальную экономию энергии. В конце концов мы сможем соединить реальный мир с Интернет-реальностью (Ingress) Ученые предполагают, что к 2032 году среднестатистический европеец или американец будет окружен от 3000 до 5000 вещей, связанных между собой с помощью Интернета.

23. We are the agents of changes
И если на этом пути развития нас не поджидают неожиданные сюрпризы… (1)
(2) Мы с вами на пороге удивительных вещей. И менять этот мир предстоит именно нам, людям связанным с ИТ. И это уже происходит.

24. Thank You! Yuriy Budenko Development Expert, SAP Ukraine