 What is the definition of Imperialism?  Industrialized Nation taking over a Non- Industrialized Nation  *** Turn in thesis in homework bin

 Africa before Imperialism  The Congo Sparks Interest - David Livingstone reading  Causes of Imperialism  Division of Africa  Looking ahead!!!

 Mid 1800s:  - divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups.  - most followed traditional beliefs, others converted to Islam or Christianity.  - Politically: large empires to independent villages.

 Europeans in Africa since 1450 but controlled very little land.  - due to powerful African armies.  i.e Europeans only controlled 10 percent of the land in Africa.  Other reason – Europeans could not travel into the interior.  why? – African rivers had so many rapids and changing flows.  But what was invented during the Industrial Revolution?

 Large network of Africans conducted trade.  - kept Europeans from controlling the sources of trade items such as gold and ivory.

 At first…. Europeans who did penetrate the interior were explorers, missionaries, or humanitarians.  - most opposed the slave trade.  Europeans and Americans learned about Africa through travel books and newspapers.  - Newspapers began to compete for adventure stories.

 What kept the Europeans out of Africa?

 Continue Imperialism in Africa.  Draw a map of Africa and compare to modern map of Africa.  Part 2: Guns, Germs, and Steel.  Bring a hard copy of rough draft tomorrow.  We will understand the impact Europeans had on the territorial lines of Africa.

 The Congo Sparks Interest:  Late 1860s: David Livingstone, a minister from Scotland traveled into the interior.  - not heard of for several years.  American newspaper hire reporter Henry Stanley to find Dr. Livingstone.  1871: He found him on the shores of Lake Tanganyika.  - Gold and other resources are brought to the attention of the world.

 Belief of Europeans in racial superiority.  Social Darwinism- the belief that evolution and nature apply to humanity, survival of the fittest applied.  A need for raw materials (industrial rev.)  Establish trade networks for Europeans  Religious conversion.  New technology

 Technology, new weapons, new steam ships, railroads.  Africans susceptible to disease, Europeans had quinine for malaria.  Europeans played off African rivalries on one another and kept them from becoming unified.

 With gold and diamonds in southern Africa, the Europeans began a strong interest in it.  France began to push west from the south western coast towards Sudan.  Berlin Conference- in , European nations met to establish rules for the colonization of Africa.  They agree any European nation could take parts of Africa by notifying other European nations. (no African consent required)  By 1914 Africa was divided up with only Ethiopia and Liberia remaining free.  New boundaries did not consider the rights or needs of Africans.

 Africans did buy many of Europe’s goods.  The real wealth for the Europeans came from raw mineral resources found in Africa.  Belgian Congo- tin and copper  South Africa- diamonds and gold  Cash crop plantations such as peanuts, palm oil, cocoa and rubber replaced food as a source of agricultural production.  Famine and starvation would soon become a problem.

 What were some of the causes of Imperialism?  What were some of the factors promoting Imperialism in Africa?

 Clashes in South Africa  The Boers war  Methods of Management  Resistance  Case study: Nigeria

What occurred during the reformation?  A. A split of religions leading to Islam and Judaism.  B. A split of the catholic church leading to the sect of Protestants.  C. A spread of knowledge and ideas due to the printing press.  D. All of these answers are wrong.

Who nailed the 95 thesis to the castle church door in Wittenberg?  A. John Calvin  B. Martin Luther  C. Henry VIII  D. Joseph Devin

 Who created the printing press?  A. Martin Luther  B. Joseph II  C. Johannes Guttenberg  D. John Calvin

 Who is considered to be the true renaissance man?  A. Michelangelo  B. Raphael  C. Donatello  D. Leonardo Da Vinci

 What is the idea of predestination?  A. that if you live a good life you will go to heaven.  B. Only protestants are going to heaven.  C. Before you are born it is determined whether or not you will go to heaven.  D. Any believer in god regardless of religion will go to heaven.

 Zulu fight the British  -Shaka the leader of the Zulu formed a well trained army in an effort to create a bigger state.  -His successors failed to continue his strengths and British invaders moved in.  -The Zulu bravely fought the British using spears and shields but eventually were defeated by the British weapons at the battle of Ulundi.  -By 1887, the Zulu had fallen under British domination.

 The Boers were Dutch settlers (farmers) who had arrived in Africa in the 1600’s.  They built large farms through the 1800’s until the British arrived.  In the 1830’s, they moved north to escape British rule in what is called The Great Trek.  The Dutch then found themselves fighting the Zulu and other tribes whose lands they were taking.

 When diamond was discovered in the late 1890’s. the British sought to create a rebellion.  The Boers fought back against the British using guerilla tactics, Britain burned much of the Boer lands in retaliation.  The British used concentration camps and killed over 14,000 Africans were killed here.  By 1910, the Boers were defeated and the union of South Africa was formed under British rule.