CPAS REVIEW: PIAGET AND ERICKSON

Category 1Category 2Category 3Category 4Category

CATEGORY 1.1 List the 4 stages of Piaget’s cognitive development along with the age.

CATEGORY 1.1B 1.Sensorimotor (birth-2) infancy 2.Preoperational (2-7) toddler 3.Concrete operational (7-11) early childhood 4.Formal operational (12 and up) adolescence and adulthood

CATEGORY 1.2 Children use and master both logical and abstract thinking during this stage. This includes making predictions and considering ‘‘what if” questions.

CATEGORY 1.2B Formal Operational

CATEGORY 1.3 Children in this stage need hands on and imaginative play. They also recognize symbols and learn concepts.

CATEGORY 1.3B Preoperational

CATEGORY 1.4 Children in this stage learn to think logically. They can make generalizations, understand cause and effect, group and classify items, and suggest solutions to problems.

CATEGORY 1.4B Concrete Operational

CATEGORY 1.5 Children in this stage learn about the world through senses. At first learning relies on reflexes but more purposeful movement later enhances learning.

CATEGORY 1.5B Sensorimotor

CATEGORY 2.1 During __________ (middle childhood, 6-12) children develop competency both at school and at home. They have a sense of self confidence from becoming competent in the outside world. If they are compared consistently compared to others negatively, they can feel inferior.

CATEGORY 2.1B Industry versus Inferiority

CATEGORY 2.2 During the ___________(young adulthood, 18-40) stage, close relationships form. These relationships should involve sharing oneself emotionally. Failure to establish intimacy results in emotional or psychological isolation.

CATEGORY 2.2B Intimacy versus Isolation

CATEGORY 2.3 Toddlers (1-3) in the ____________ stage learn self-help skills, such as feeding, toileting, dressing, as a result, increase confidence. Some caregivers punish toddlers for not doing things “right” while they are still learning new skills. This can undermine confidence.

CATEGORY 2.3B Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

CATEGORY 2.4 Preteens and teens ( 13-18) in the __________ stage begin to understand and experiment with a number of different roles. Roles such as sister, daughter, student, athlete, friend, and employee.

CATEGORY 2.4B Identity versus Role confusion

CATEGORY 2.5 Babies (birth-1) in the ____________ stage learn about trust from caregivers who meet their needs including; food, attention, physical contact, interaction, and safety. When needs aren’t met, they perceive the world as an unpredictable place.

CATEGORY 2.5B Trust versus Mistrust

CATEGORY 3.1 Adults in middle adulthood (40-65) in the __________ stage begin to place emphasis on assisting others and improving the next generation. This can be done in many ways like parenting, teaching, training.

CATEGORY 3.1B Generativity versus Self-absorbtion

CATEGORY 3.2 Through discovery and exploration, young children (3-6) in the _____________ stage learn about the world and their place in it. They learn what is real and what is imaginary. Too much criticism and punishment can result in feelings of guilt and shame.

CATEGORY 3.2B Initiative versus Guilt

CATEGORY 3.3 Older adults (65 and older) in the _________ stage reflect on their life’s meaning. If people are satisfied with their life or they may emerge in despair as the end of life approaches.

CATEGORY 3.3B Integrity versus Despair

CATEGORY 3.4 Name the 4 principles of human development.

CATEGORY 3.4B 1.Development is relatively orderly. 2.Development is a gradual, continuous process. 3.Development is interrelated. 4.Development varies among individuals.

CATEGORY 3.5 ____________ refers to the physical changes in size such as gains in height and weight.

CATEGORY 3.5B Growth

CATEGORY 4.1 What is another name for the heredity versus environment debate?

CATEGORY 4.1B Nature versus Nurture

CATEGORY 4.2 What is the gradual increase in skills and abilities that occurs over a lifetime?

CATEGORY 4.2B Development

CATEGORY 4.3 Name all of the 4 areas of development.

CATEGORY 4.3B Physical Cognitive Social Emotional

CATEGORY 4.4 Explain the difference between growth and development.

CATEGORY 4.4B Development is a continuous increase in skills and abilities while growth refers to physical changes in size.

CATEGORY 4.5 The belief that behavior is determined by forces in the environment that are beyond their control.

CATEGORY 4.5B Behaviorism

CATEGORY 5.1 What are the gross-motor skills required for kindergarten readiness ?

CATEGORY 5.1B Throws a ball overhead Jumps forward Skips Walks on tiptoe Rides a tricycle

CATEGORY 5.2 List fine-motor skills that involve kindergarten readiness skills.

CATEGORY 5.2B Holds crayon Cuts with scissors Copies a square and triangle Completes puzzle with peices

CATEGORY 5.3 What are the self-help skills needed for kindergarten readiness?

CATEGORY 5.3B Dresses without help Eats independently Uses bathroom without help

CATEGORY 5.4 What are the cognitive skills needed for kindergarten readiness ?

CATEGORY 5.4B Knows own full name Speaks in complete sentences of five to six words Counts to ten Knows most colors and some letters Can tell a simple story Sorts items by size, shape, and color

CATEGORY 5.5 Name the social-emotional skills needed for kindergarten readiness.

CATEGORY 5.5B Plays with a small group Expresses feelings Developing self-control Understands right and wrong Follows directions and rules Can work independently for a short time Adapts to changes