10/6/20151 Overview of Drugs in Our Society

10/6/20152 What Role Do Drugs Play in Our Society- what’s the impact?

10/6/20153 Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’

10/6/20154 Prevalence of Problem 50% of emergency room admissions 1/3 of psychiatric admissions 25% of completed suicides addicted to alcohol Prevalent in psychiatric conditions in adolescents 56% of domestic violence cases 50% of homicides Illicit drug use is major cause of ischemic strokes Nearly ½ of all traffic fatalities

10/6/20155 Hinsdale South Assets Survey Sophomore Stats December 2009 Alcohol  One or more drinks in the last 30 days? 69% NO

10/6/20156 Alcohol  Drunk 1 or more times in the last 2 weeks?  79% NO

10/6/20157 Tobacco  Smoke cigarettes 1 or more times in the last 30 days?  87% NO

10/6/20158 Smokeless Tobacco  Used smokeless tobacco 1 or more times in the last 12 months  96% NO

10/6/20159 Marijuana  Used 1 or more times in the last 12 months?  79% NO

10/6/ Other illicit (illegal) drugs  Used 1 or more times in the last 12 months?  96% NO

10/6/ Driving and Alcohol  Drove after drinking 1 or more times in the last 12 months?  96% NO

10/6/ Driving and Alcohol  Rode 1 or more times with someone who was drinking in the last 12 months?  63% NO

10/6/ Why do people use drugs? Curiosity and Availability To Get High Self-medication Confidence Energy Pain Relief Anxiety Control Internal/External Peer Pressure Social Confidence Boredom Relief Deal w/ Isolation Competitive Edge

10/6/ The worst reason….. How are Depression and Drug Use Related?

10/6/ Why use? VS. Why continue to use?

10/6/ Dependence/Addiction- person continues to use drug despite negative consequences Psychological- person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or function properly Physiological- user has a chemical need for the drug

10/6/ Withdrawal When an addictive behavior is stopped or an addictive substance is withdrawn from use, withdrawal symptoms almost always follow. Depending on the behavior or substance:  sweating and fever  restless behavior and anxiety  abdominal and muscle cramps (even convulsions)  nausea and vomiting  diarrhea.

10/6/ Tolerance Tolerance can develop with regular use. This occurs when the person becomes used to taking drugs of abuse and the drug no longer provides the same effect as it did when first taken. Tolerance can occur with regular use of most drugs of abuse. Tolerance A person needs more of a drug to get the same initial effects.

10/6/ What is a Psychoactive Drug? : Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the CNS and brain activity The major classifications of drugs are uppers (stimulants), downers (depressants), pain killers (opiates) “all-arounders” (psychedelics or hallucinogens).

10/6/ Uppers or Stimulants Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, diet pills, caffeine, tobacco, ecstasy Short-term effects: ^ energy, ^ HR & BP Withdrawal and Long-term effects: Jitteriness, anger, depletion of energy, paranoia, damage to heart, lungs, and BV’s, depression, suicidal thoughts, dependence

10/6/ Downers or Depressants Ex: Alcohol, barbiturates, GHB, rohypnol. Opiates can have depressant effects, too. Short-term effects: Depress circulatory, respiratory, & muscular systems. Stronger opiates initially cause euphoria Long-term effects: nervousness, depression, dependence, liver damage, malnutrition

10/6/ All-Arounders or Hallucinogens Ex: Marijuana, LSD, PCP, DXM, ecstasy, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote. Short-term effects: Illusions, hallucinations, & confused sensations, ^heart rate & b.p., tremors, sweating, sleeplessness Long-term effects: bad trips, panic, confusion, anxiety, schizophrenia, loss of control, flashbacks

23 Opiates Also known as narcotics and pain killers Ex: Morphine, opium, oxycodone, codeine and heroin Abuse causes: drowsiness, constipation, slow breathing, convulsions, coma, death Infected needle sharing with the use of heroin can spread HIV and hepatitis B 23

10/6/ Adam Drewnowski at the University of Michigan researched whether chocolate triggers the production of opioids. Opioids are chemicals, such as those found in opium,that produce a feeling of well-being (euphoria). Drewnowski found that eating chocolate causes the brain to produce natural opiates, which dull pain and increase a feeling of well-being. This may be a reason why we like to eat chocolate! And dark chocolate contains more of these compounds than milk chocolate.