29 ACQUISITION PROCESS

29 SAFETY: RISK ASSESMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS:

29 TLO: Define the Acquisition process as outlined IAW FM 23-1, and identify the three progressive and interdependent steps involved.

29 ELO: Identify the three steps of the Acquisition process.

29 The acquisition process is a series of progressive and interdependent steps ( or actions):

29 Detection LOCATION IDENTIFICATION *DIL

29 Target Search and Detection Crew and Squad Target Search Techniques include: 1. Ground Search Techniques a. Rapid Scan b. Slow (50-meter) scan c. Detailed Search d. Off-center vision method Target detection is the discovery of any target such as personnel, vehicles, equipment, or objects of potential military significance on the battlefield. Target detection occurs during crew search as a direct result of observation.

29 RAPID SCAN The rapid scan method is used to quickly detect obvious signs of enemy activity. It is usually the first method used whether moving or stationary.

29 Rapid Scan

29 SLOW ( 50-METER) SCAN If no targets are detected using the rapid scan, crew and squad members conduct a more deliberate scan of the terrain by using the ISU ( day or thermal mode) or binoculars. The slow scan is best used by the BC or gunner when in a defensive position or from a short halt.

29 Slow ( 50 meter ) Scan

29 DETAILED SEARCH If no targets are detected using the rapid or slow scan methods, crews should use the optics ( day and night) to make a careful, deliberate search, while stationary or moving. This method is also used to search, in detail, small areas or locations with likely or suspected avenues of enemy approach.

29 Detailed Search

29 OFF-CENTER VISION METHOD Used at night, without optics. Crew and squad members move their eyes in short, abrupt, irregular movements. At each likely target area, they pause for a few seconds to detect a target or any movement.

29 2. Air search techniques a. Flat terrain scan b. Hilly terrain scan

29 DETECTION CHALLENGES Some targets are more difficult to detect than others. Soldiers must be well trained to detect and locate targets. Some examples of detection challenges are:

29 FLAT TERRAIN SCAN In flat terrain, crew and squad members search the horizon by moving their eyes in short movements from object to object. More detail is seen this way than with a continuous scan of the horizon.

29 HILLY TERRAIN SCAN In hilly terrain scan, crew an squad members search the sky beginning just below the horizon and move upward. Crew and squad members us prominent terrain features as points of reference to ensure overlapping the areas of the search.

29

Ground and Air search tips! Initial scanning is done without optics. While on the move, rapid scan is used continuously by the gunner. BC sight extension should be covered when not in use. Search key avenues of approach, wood lines and reverse slope firing positions.

29 TARGET SIGNATURES Soldier signatures: -Foxholes -Broken vegetation -Footprints Tracked vehicle signatures: -Vehicle tracks on the ground -Hot spots from heat/friction build up -Engine noise Aircraft signatures: -Aircraft engine noise -Vapor trails

29 Peripheral targets ( targets on the edge of the field of view) Targets that are camouflaged or in shadows Targets that can be heard but not seen Mirage effects caused by high temperatures and heat waves Natural man made obstacles Behavioral or physical deficiencies DETECTION CHALLENGES cont.

29 THERMAL SIGHTS There are five primary heat sources picked up by thermal sights: -Solar heat -Fuel Combustion -Friction -Thermal reflections -Body heat

29 TARGET LOCATION Target location is the determination of where a target is on the battlefield. Locating a target occurs as a result of observation and detection during crew search.

29 TARGET DIRECTION TECHNIQUES The five most common target location methods are listed below: -Clock method -Sector method -Traverse method -Reference point method -Grid method ( * least preferred method )

29 TARGET IDENTIFICATION Target identification is the recognition of a potential target by type. This identification must determine the target as friendly or enemy. Target identification is made up in three areas: Classification Identification Discrimination

29 CLASSIFICATION Classification is the process of categorizing targets by types ( truck, tank, IFV). Soldiers quickly scan the targets key recognition features, and then categorize it accordingly. Classification is the first step toward identification.

29 IDENTIFICATION Once the target has been classified, it must be identified. Identification is the positive determination of a target by nomenclature or series ( T-80, scorpion series). Identification does not determine whether or not a target is friendly or threat.

29 SHOWN BELOW ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF TARGET SILHOUETTES COMMONLY USED ON LIVE FIRE GUNNERY RANGES AS DESCRIBED IN TC THESE TARGETS ARE TO ASSIST THE UNIT LEADERSHIP IN PREPARING THEIR CREWS FOR GUNNERY. BMP - FRONTAL / FLANK TRUCK - FRONTAL / FLANK RPG OR ATGM TEAM POINT TYPE TARGET HIND SERIES HELICOPTER DISMOUNTED TROOPS AREA TYPE TARGET BRDM - FRONTAL

29 DISCRIMINATION Discrimination is the determination that a target is either friend or threat. Although Russian equipment has been sold in large numbers worldwide, soldiers could find themselves facing British, French, and American-made equipment. Soldiers must identify and discriminate a target before pulling the trigger!

29 Target Discrimination Techniques - Combat Identification panel. ( CIP’s) - BCIS (ODS models) - Unit markings -VS-17 panels -Chemical lights -Unit symbols

29 SESSION SUMMARY

29 TLO: DEFINE THE ACQUISITION PROCESS IAW FM 23-1 AND APPLY THE THREE STEPS TO THE ACQUISITION PROCESS

29 ELO: Identify the three steps of the Acquisition process.

29 CHECK ON LEARNING?

29 ACQUISITION PROCESS