3. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
To conduct tactical convoy operations in a Contemporary Operating Environment

4. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Safety is of the utmost importance in any training exercise.
During training, commanders will conduct risk assessments
to determine the safest methods of training soldiers.
The objective is to provide realistic and authentic battlefield
training conditions while taking every precaution to ensure
the safety of all training participants.
Add specific items of interest here that apply to safety aspect of training.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Ensure safe handling and muzzle awareness of weapons is enforced
throughout the lesson and exercise.
Ensure mandatory safety guidelines are enforced with respect to
vehicle maintenance and operation.
Ensure standard safety procedures are followed when mounting and
dismounting vehicles.
Gunnery range operation will be conducted IAW established
regulations.
Range safety and Observer/Controller personnel will be certified prior
to range operation.
All live fire exercise participants must be qualified on individual and
crew-served weapons in order to be allowed on the range.
Discuss each of the bullets listed here. Highlight efforts that must be made prior to start of training.

6. ANYONE CAN STOP AN UNSAFE ACT!

7. THIS IS A HIGH-RISK TRAINING EVENT.
RISK ASSESSMENT
THIS IS A HIGH-RISK
TRAINING EVENT.

8. INTRODUCTION
Let’s roll!

9. You will learn to… Identify the threat Harden vehicles
Conduct convoy briefing
Execute motor movement
Defend against attack
Defend against Improvised Explosive Devices
Conduct convoy consolidation and reorganization
Conduct actions at the Release Point

10. You will also…
Describe purpose and functions of
the gun truck
Identify gun truck crew duties
Harden gun trucks
Employ gun trucks

11. And finally…
LIVE FIRE EXERCISE

12. ELO A
IDENTIFY THE THREAT

13. Convoy…the target of choice.

14. WHAT THE THREAT LOOKS LIKE
Unconventional, irregular forces
Not easily identified
Wants to kill Americans
Focus on soft targets, especially convoys
Attacks with:
Improvised Explosive devices (IED)
Small arms
Rocket-propelled grenades (RPG)
Any combination thereof

15. WHAT THE THREAT LOOKS LIKE
(CONTINUED)
Avoids sustained contact
Monitors movements of troops, vehicles, and equipment
Constantly adapts and improves tactics, techniques,
and procedures (TTP)

16. ENEMY GOALS
Discuss the areas of concern and the differences in vehicle windshield configurations that are present on our fleet of tactical wheeled vehicles.

17. ENEMY GOALS Stop your movement Kill Americans
Demoralize US soldiers and the American Public
Dissuade third country nationals and contractors
from working with or for the US
Turn public opinion against the war, forcing
abandonment of the war effort
FLEXABILITY - Harden vehicles to provide the degree of protection required while maintaining maximum flexibility in vehicle use. Harden the cargo beds of vehicle carrying troops with sandbags. Beds of vehicles carrying cargo are not normally hardened (depending on the cargo).
WEIGHT - All vehicle hardening adds weight to the vehicle. One effect of added weight is to reduce proportionally the amount of cargo that can be carried. Another potential effect is added vehicle maintenance and durability problems. Consider the vehicle’s payload capacity when deciding the extent of hardening.
AVAILABILITY - If it is necessary or desirable to fabricate armor kits, consider the availability of suitable materials and the time needed to complete the project.
MAINTENANCE - Vehicle hardening normally increases the amount of vehicle maintenance needed and can cause mechanical or structural damage. The sandbags themselves, when used to harden vehicles, also require periodic removal and replacement. If too much weight is added to the vehicle, it may reduce the vehicle’s mobility and operational capabilities.

18. ELO B
HARDEN VEHICLES

19. FACTORS TO CONSIDER Availability Weight Maintenance Other Trade-offs
Flexibility
Availability
Weight
Maintenance
Other Trade-offs

20. THE SHORTCOMINGS OF SANDBAGS
Engine damage
Loose sand
Secondary projectiles
They fall off the vehicles
Replace as quickly as possible with rolled steel
plating and/or Kevlar blankets or panels

21. HARDEN VEHICLE CAB
Best but not always not available is a Kevlar blanket
or steel plate
Double-stack sandbags under the passenger seat and on
the cab floor
Place a heavy rubber mat or fiber mat over the sandbags
Cover windshield and side windows with wire mesh
Harden the doors

22. VEHICLE CAB AREA Flexibility Weight Availability Maintenance
Lets apply these critical considerations to hardening of a vehicle cab.
FLEXIBILITY
How flexible is it if the operator pedals, seats and other controls are encumbered by ill placed or too many sandbags on the cab floor.
WEIGHT
Weight considerations are primarily of a concern in the cargo bed area
AVAILABILITY
If there is a shortage of sandbags, where would you place them to maximize survivability?
MAINTENANCE
Always keep this in mind. If there are sandbags that rub against moving parts of the vehicle, they will require replacement more often than others.

23. VEHICLE WINDSHIELD Flexibility Weight Availability Maintenance
Discuss the differences in vehicle characteristics with respect to lowering of windshields. M35A3s, Soft top HMMWVs, and 939 series 5-ton cargo trucks have a lowerable windshield. FMTVs, HEMTT, PLS trucks do not. Etc..
Naturally, mission intentions may dictate whether the windshield should be lowered or not. What is the threat, how well do the operators have to see out? Should the windshield be left in place to increase protection?
Applicable to some M998 and M939 Series soft-top vehicles only.

24. HARDEN VEHICLE CARGO AREA
(TROOP CARRYING VEHICLES ONLY)
Cover the floor with at least a single layer
of sandbags
Stack sandbags five high around the sides of
the bed
Construct a support structure to hold sandbags
in place

25. Troop carrying cargo bed
SUPPORT STRUCTURE
Troop carrying cargo bed
(overhead view)
Front
Frame is constructed using pressure-treated lumber. End posts are 4X4s, 48” high.
Side and end rails are 2X4s.
Once frame is completed, cover the sides with plywood.
4X4s-48”high
This is a top view of a sample frame that can be expediently constructed to support a sandbag-lined cargo bed area. Use what materials you have available.
Remember !
FLEXIBILITY
WEIGHT
AVAILABILITY
MAINTENANCE

26. Support structure for troop carrying cargo bed
(lateral view from rear)

27. HARDENED FOR TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS
Flexibility
Weight
Availability
Maintenance
Single layer of sandbags on floor of cargo bed

28. HARDEN FUEL TANK and tops of fuel tanks if possible.
Place protective plating around sides, bottoms,
and tops of fuel tanks if possible.
Ensure fuel lines and fuel tank hanger brackets
are not damaged during hardening.
Ensure fuel tank hardening does not interfere
with performance of operator PMCS

29. CONDUCT CONVOY BRIEFING
ELO C
CONDUCT CONVOY BRIEFING

30. TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
Receive the mission
Issue the warning order
Make a tentative plan
Conduct reconnaissance
Complete the plan
Issue the operations order
Conduct rehearsals
Supervise the execution

31. ASSEMBLE KEY PERSONNEL
Serial/March unit commanders
Security force OIC or NCOIC
Trail/Maintenance and Recovery OIC/NCOIC
Platoon sergeants
Squad leaders
Communications NCOIC or radio operators
Ammunition NCOIC
Pacesetter/lead vehicle commander
Route/choke point guides
Vehicle commanders (as needed)
VIPs

32. ISSUE MAPS Maps Strip maps Overlays XXX XX SPT 3 II X 1 120KM 212
DTAC
ACP
120KM
DREAR X
I I I 11 A M
MASH
212
377(-)
HET 3 II 1
181 16
SPT
Maps
Strip maps
Overlays

33. DISSEMINATE BRIEFING IN
5-PARA OPORD FORMAT
Situation
Mission
Execution
Service support
Command and Signal
Safety
Environmental protection
Conduct a brief-back with
subordinates to insure they
fully understand the mission.