The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response

John Calvin and Calvinism In 1536, John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion. –A summary of Protestants doctrines

John Calvin and Calvinism Calvin’s beliefs were similar to Martin Luther But he believed another doctrine called predestination –Belief that God had determined in advance who would be saved and who wouldn’t

John Calvin and Calvinism By mid-16th century, Calvinism had replaced Lutheranism as the most important form of Protestantism.

The Reformation in England The Reformation in England had its roots in politics, not religion

The Reformation in England King Henry VIII of England wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn’t have children –Asked the pope to annul (declare invalid) the marriage The pope refused

The Reformation in England He got the annulment through the Church of England Then he asked Parliament to separate the Church in England from the pope in Rome –They agreed; making the king head of the Church of England

The Reformation in England When Henry died, his son Edward VI took the throne –He was only 9, and very sick

The Reformation in England During his reign, church officials took the Church of England in a Protestant direction –Gave clergy the right to marry –Created a new Protestant church service

The Catholic Reformation By mid-16th century, Protestantism was well established across Europe. The Catholic Church began a reformation of its own

The Catholic Reformation 3 factors brought about the Catholic Reformation The Jesuits Reform of the papacy The Council of Trent

The Jesuits They were servants of the pope Used education to spread their message –Very successful in restoring Catholicism in Germany eastern Europe

Reform of the Papacy Pope Paul III recognized the need for changed in the Catholic Church

Reform of the Papacy Paul III appointed a Reform Commission in 1537 –Responsible for restoring integrity to church offices They recognized that prior popes were to blame for a lot of the corruption

Reform of the Papacy In 1545, Pope Paul III began the Council of Trent –Made of church leaders –Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings