Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction _____ Parent No union of gametes Offspring genetically _______ to parents (“clone”) Offspring results from _________ cell division Don’t need to search for mate No special reproductive cells or organs needed Used in many protists, simple animals and many plants

Binary Fission Parent organism divides in half by mitosis Cytoplasm ____________ Ex: bacteria, algae, protozoa

Remember the Phases of Mitosis? –# of chromosomes in parent and daughter cells is the same Interphase Prophase _________ Anaphase Telophase

Animal vs. Plant Cell Mitosis

Cancer Uncontrolled rapid mitotic cell division

Budding Parent organism ______ ____________________ Cytoplasm __________ divided New individuals develop as a small outgrowth or bud in outer surface of organism Ex: yeast, hydra

Sporulation Single specialized cells produced by one parent germinate and grow Ex: –__________, _________

Regeneration Ability of an organism to re-grow lost body parts Usually found in __________ that have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrates Ex: –Planeria cut in half, starfish, earthworm, lizard can escape from predator by losing its tail when caught

Asexual Plant Reproduction –Most plants reproduce sexually using seeds –Many also reproduce asexually by means of roots, stems and leaves –This is called _________________________ Creates new plants genetically _______ to parent

Bulbs Enlarged underground stems Small new bulbs will sprout along side of main bulb and ____________ Ex: daffodils, tulips, onions, garlic

Tubers Enlarged part of underground stems Have “___” which are tiny buds Ex: potatoes –If potato is cutup, each new piece containing an eye can develop into a new plant

Runners Stems that grow sideways _____ the ground Where it touches ground, roots grow, creating a new plant Ex: strawberry

Rhizomes Stem grows sideways _____________ Enlarged areas called _______ produce buds that grow upwards to form new plants Ex: bamboo, ginger

Artificial Vegetative Propagation Allow farmers to grow plants with desired traits exactly like parent and faster than from seeds Helpful is quickly propagating plants with a __________________ –Ex: Can produce different varieties of apples from the same tree Plants bearing ____________ can only be propagated this way –Ex: seedless oranges and watermelons

Cuttings: –_____, _____ or ____ used to produce new individual –Ex: African violets

Layering: –stem bent over _____________ and develop roots

Grafting: –remove stem or bud from one plant and ___ ___________________ ________ –“Scion” as attached to “stock” plant but keeps it’s own genetic characteristics

Vegetative Propagation: Asexual Plant Reproduction portal.com/academy/lesson/asexual-plant- reproduction-vegetative-propagation-and- bulbs.htmlhttp://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/asexual-plant- reproduction-vegetative-propagation-and- bulbs.html Asexual Reproduction Song A&safe=activehttp:// A&safe=active