EURO4M PROJECT WP1.3 annual progress report and the development of merged and long-term adjusted temperature series over southern and eastern Mediterranean locations By Dimitrios Efthymiadis*, Manola Brunet* ¥ and Alba Gilabert* * Centre for Climate Change, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain ¥ Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK 1 Work-Package: WP1.3 - Data coordination EURO4M-GA4, Norrkoping, April 2013

PROGRESS REPORT Last year work focused on: Ending digitisation QCing Time-series Continuing to engage data owners on data sharing Making available D1.12 and D1.13 Merging and homogenising temperature series (Dimitrios to follow on this) 2

DIGITISATION EFFORT MADE DURING THE LAST YEAR AND UNDER EURO4M AS A WHOLE 3 Digitisation and time-series QC efforts lasted till mid-summer 2012 (late July) by 6 digitisers and under Alba and Dimitrios supervision, with a marginal effort (2 digitisers) for further digitising Libyan data till Dec 2012 Progress done in the last year: no. of stations recovered by variable and country

DIGITISATION EFFORT MADE DURING THE LAST YEAR AND UNDER EURO4M AS A WHOLE 4 A summary of the whole effort done under EURO4M by country and variable: Time-series Quality control: the double strategy applied Cross-comparison with data sources (manual QC) Application of RClimDex and RClimDex-extra software (automatic QC) Use of any ancillary information available (e.g., weather charts, weather setting (rain, wind), nearby station data, monthly summaries)) to validate/reject labelled as suspicious values

THE DATA EXCHANGE EXERCISE (ANCIENT FOR RECENT PARTS): STATUS AND RESULTS Steps taken to encourage data exchange between NMHS and EURO4M: recent observations merged with past digitised measurements: Personal requests to several PRs making use of several meetings (e.g. 16th WMO Congress, ECSWA WS, WMO-extra-congress, MEDARE EG) Submission of official requests through MEDARE to all the relevant NMHS: initial interest from Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Libya and Tunisia. No responses from others Follow up of the requests through reminders, but only Algeria, Cyprus, Jordan and Libya responded. And Algeria and Cyprus added a new requirement for the exchange: training on QC and homogeniation Results of the proposed exchange exercise so far: Only Libyan NMHS has verified its commitment to exchange data, Algeria (Cyprus) has not provided the data, although they got the EURO4M series recovered and requested the training which is in standby at present (just this week Cyprus has replied on the training to be held in C3 headquarters on the 2 nd Oct week, but has not yet sent the requested data) Jordan has neither replied to the offer made so far, even the good availability of the new PR Need for using other sources (e.g. ECA&D, CIRCE project, AEMET, University of Sunderland) to merge the longest and more complete series 5

CURRENT STATUS FOR D1.12 AND D1.13 A reminder on the Deliverables committed in WP1.3 6 D1.12: Update and gap-filling for Mediterranean D1.13: Merged dataset for the Mediterranean

CURRENT STATUS FOR D1.12 AND D1.13 The Deliverable 1.12 Update and gap-filling for Mediterranean Accomplished on time and delivered to KNMI in October (68) fractions of temperature (precipitation) series for 57 (64) locations at the daily scale and 38 fractions of SLP series for 31 locations at the sub-daily scale (note, for a number of sites, different stations were in operation at different times and places and even in parallel) The Deliverable 1.13 Merged dataset for the Mediterranean TT merged and adjusted series to be sent to KNMI shortly, while RR and SLP series are under development for being delivered on this summer 7

AND SOME CLIMATE ANALYSIS PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED IN PEER-REVIEW JOURNALS THANKS TO EURO4M IN 2013 AND 2012/2011 On DARE: Brunet, M., Jones PD, Jourdain, S., Efthymiadis, D., Kerrouche, M., Boroneant C Data sources for rescuing the rich heritage of Mediterranean historical surface climate data. Geosciences Data Journal, 0: Doi: /gdj3.4 Brunet, M. Jones, PD Emerging data rescue initiatives: bringing historical climate data into the 21st century. Climate Research, DOI: /cr On QC/homogenisation: Domonkos, P. and Efthymiadis, D Development and testing of homogenisation methods: Moving parameter experiments with ACMANT. Adv. Sci. Res., 10, DOI: /asr Domonkos P Measuring performances of homogenization methods. Idöjárás, 117, Domonkos, P., Venema, V., Auer, I., Mestre, O., Brunetti, M.: The historical pathway towards more accurate homogenisation. Adv.Sci.Res, 8, Doi: /asr On climate assessments: El Fadli K.I., Cerveny R.S., Christopher C. Burt, Eden P., Parker D., Brunet M., Peterson T. C., Mordacchini G., Pelino V., Bessemoulin P., Stella J. L., Driouech F., Abdel wahab M.M, Pace M. B World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922). Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 94, DOI: /BAMS-D Skansi M, Brunet M, Sigró J, Aguilar E, Arevalo Groening J, Bentancur O, Castellon Geier Y, Correa Amaya R, Jacome H, Malheiros Ramos A, Oria Rojas C, Pasten A. M., Sallons Mitro S, Villaroel Jiménez C, Martínez R, Alexander L, Jones P.D : Warming and wetting signals emerging from analysis of changes in climate extreme indices over South America. Global and Planetary Change, DOI: /j.gloplacha Donat M.G., T.C. Peterson, M. Brunet, A. D. King, M. Almazroui, R.K. Kolli, Djamel Boucherf, Anwar Yousuf Al-Mulla, Abdourahman Youssouf Nour, Ahmed Attia Aly, Tamer Ali Ali Nada, Hasan Abdullah Al Dashti, Tarek G. Salhab, Khalid I. El Fadli, Mohamed K. Muftah, Sidaty Dah Eida, Wafae Badi, Fatima Driouech, Khalid El Rhaz, Mohammed J. Y. Abubaker, Ayman S. Ghulam, Amani Sanhouri Erayah, Maher Ben Mansour, Waleed O. Alabdouli, Jemie Salem Al Dhanhani. Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab region: long-term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO. International Journal of Climatology (in print). 8

9 DIMITRIOS TO FOLLOW ON PART 2: MERGING AND HOMOGENISING TEMPERATURE SERIES OVER SOUTHERN AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN LOCATIONS

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean climatic database

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series Sources of data Use of EURO4M-developed Mediterranean climatic dataset Use of additional data, for recent periods, from ECA&D, AEMet of Spain, Libyan NMC, Univ. of Sunderland Construction of monthly-mean temperature series Computation of monthly means of Tmin and Tmax Development of composite series from station data of the same site Homogenisation of temperature series Selection of 38 sites among the longest temperature series which reach recent times Application of HOMER method Application of ACMANT method Inter-comparison of the results from the two homogenisation methods Construction of long-term temperature series Western Mediterranean Eastern Mediterranean Remarks

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series

EURO4M PROJECT Southern Mediterranean long-term temperature series ACMANT and HOMER homogenisation Both methods provide similar results in the data-rich recent decades Discrepancies increase back in time, especially before the 1940s Some early data were not subjected to homogenisation due to data sparseness Construction of annual-mean temperature series Limited since near-continuous annual mean series exist mostly since the 1960s Construction of region-representative long-term temperature series Western Mediterranean: few series after the 1940s; Algiers, the most data-complete site Eastern Mediterranean: feasible for Libya Further remarks …