General Properties of Matter and Phase Changes Chapter 2/3

All matter has these general properties Mass Weight Volume Density

Matter Takes up space Has mass Includes solids, liquids, and gas (Fourth state of matter is plasma)

Properties Can be physical or chemical Physical can be color, shape, texture, etc…

Volume The amount of space an object takes up Measured in liters, milliliters, and cubic centimeters

Measuring Volume Water displacement for irregularly shaped objects Use L X W X H for regularly shaped objects

Matter and Mass mass weight Measure of the amount of matter Always constant Triple beam balance Expressed in kg, g, mg Based on gravity Where object is in relation to Earth Spring scale newtons

Inertia Resistance to change in motion More mass = more inertia.

Physical Properties Properties that you can see… color, taste, smell, mass, weight, volume thermal conductivity rate of heat transfer physical form: solid, liquid, gas gas

Mass per unit of volume Solubility one substance to dissolve in another Ductility metals pulled into thin wires Malleability metal into thin sheets

Density Mass per unit volume Allows you to compare different types of matter Measured in g/ml or g/cm²

Calculating Density

Sample Problem If 10 grams of gold has a volume of 2 cubic cm, what is its density? 10/2 = 5 g/cm³

Density If an object’s density is less than 1g/ml it floats. If it is greater than it sinks.

FUN FACT: Did you know that the density of Saturn is less than 1 g/mL so it would float in our ocean if we could bring it here on earth and fit it into the ocean?

Physical Changes Physical changes affect physical properties and do not make a new substance. Most common is the change in the phase of a substance.

Matter can exist in four phases: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

Solids Have a definite shape Have a definite volume Little molecular motion Molecules are packed close together

Solids cont. Solids that are arranged in a repeating pattern are called crystals examples rubies, table salt, fluorine Solids that loose their shape under certain conditions are called amorphous solids examples wax, glass, tar

Liquids Have a definite volume Do not have a definite shape Molecules move around Molecules are not packed as close together as in solids

Liquids Surface tension the force that acts on the particles at the surface Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow

Gases Does not have a definite shape a definite size Particles are spread far apart

Plasma The most common form of matter Rarely found on Earth High energy Dangerous to man Found in Universe

The Kinetic Theory of Matter Explanation of how matter behaves All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions). These particles are in constant random motion. These particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their containers

Please just a little more!!!!! I CAN WRITE FOREVER. I want to keep on writing.

Phase Changes

Phase Changes The amount of energy contained in matter is responsible for the differences in phases of matter

Melting: Heat of Fusion The actual temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is the melting point known as the Heat of Fusion.

Freezing Opposite of melting The point at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid Freezing point = melting point Adding substances to water can lower the freezing point

Liquid to Gas: Heat of Vaporization Evaporation occurs at the surface of water Boiling occurs at the bottom when the temperature reaches the boiling point know as the Heat of Vaporization

Condensation Opposite of boiling The point at which a gas becomes a liquid Examples: outside of a cold glass or dew on the grass

Other Phase Changes Sublimation Solid to a gas Example is freezer burned food, dry ice Deposition Gas to a solid Example is frozen dew on the grass

Is That Enough Yet!!!!!!