1. Kinetic Theory Simulation
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

2. Kinetic Theory Explains how particles in matter behave
All matter is composed of small particles
Particles are in constant, random motion
Particles collide with each other and walls of their containers

3. Solid State
Particles are closely packed together in a specific type of geometric arrangement
-Particles vibrate in place
- Solids have a definite shape and volume

4. Liquid State
A solid begins to liquefy at the melting point as the particles gain enough energy to overcome their ordered arrangement
Energy required to reach the melting point is called heat of fusion
Liquid particles have more space between them, allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container
No definite shape but a definite volume

5. Gas State
A liquid’s particles have enough energy to escape the attractive forces of the other particles in the liquid
At the boiling point, the pressure of a liquid’s vapor is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere, and the liquid becomes a gas
Gas particles spread evenly throughout their container in the process of diffusion
Have no definite shape or volume
Simulation

6. Heating Curve of a Liquid
As a solid melts and a liquid vaporizes, the temperature remains constant
The temperature will increase after the attractive forces of the earlier state have been overcome

7. Plasma
State of matter consisting of high temperature gases with balanced positively and negatively charged particles

8. Thermal Expansion
Increase in the size of a substance when the temperature increases
The size of a substance will then decrease when the temperature decreases
Expansion and contraction occur in most solids, liquids, and gases
Water is an exception because it expands as it becomes a solid

9. Some substances do not react as expected when changing states.
Amorphous solids
lack the tightly ordered structure found in crystals
do not have a definite temperature at which they change from a solid to liquid
Examples: glass, plastic

10. Some substances do not react as expected when changing states.
Liquid Crystals
do not lose their ordered arrangement completely upon melting
used in liquid crystal displays in watches, clocks, calculators, and some notebook computers

11. Changes of State Melting Freezing Boiling Evaporation Condensation
Sublimation
Crystalization

12. Properties of Fluids Buoyancy
Ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it

13. Buoyancy
An object in a fluid will float if its weight is less than the buoyant force acting on it from the fluid
An object in a fluid will sink if its weight is more than the buoyant force acting on it from the fluid

14. Buoyancy

15. Buoyancy Archimedes Principle
Buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

16. Mass is 2gm, 27gm, 113gm volume of each is 10cubic centimeters

17. Buoyancy
An object will float if its density is less than than the density of the fluid it is placed in.

18. Pascal’s Principle
Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid
Pressure is force exerted per unit area
Hydraulic machines use this principle to lift heavy loads

19. Pascal’s Principle

20. Pascal’s Principle

21. Bernoulli’s Principle
As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases
Ex) walk and push
Airplanes use this principle to fly

22. Viscosity A liquid’s resistance to flow
Molecular structure determines a fluid’s viscosity
Increased temperature will lower viscosity

23. Behavior of Gases Pressure is measured in a unit called a Pascal (Pa)
Collisions of particles in air result in atmospheric pressure
Moving particles colliding with the inside walls of a container result in increased pressure

24. Air Pressure

25. Boyle’s Law Relates pressure and volume
Volume decreases when pressure increases
Pressure decreases as volume increases
Pressure multiplied by volume is always equal to a constant if the temperature is constant

26. Boyle’s Law
                                                                                                          

27. Charles’s Law Relates volume and temperature
At a constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases
At a constant pressure, volume decreases as temperature decreases

28. Gay-Lussac’s Law Relates pressure and temperature
At a constant volume, as temperature increases, pressure increases

29. THE END