1. with Solids, Liquids, & Gases
What’s the Matter
with Solids, Liquids, & Gases

2. Matter- Anything that takes up space and has mass
What is Matter
Matter- Anything that takes up space and has mass
The substance that an object is made of
Every form of matter has two kinds of properties- physical and chemical

3. Physical Properties of Matter
A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
-Physical state
-Temperature for freezing, boiling, or vaporizing
-Ability to dissolve in water
-Hardness, texture, color, and flexibility
Can be used to classify matter (ex. Metals are flexible and can conduct heat and electricity)

4. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical properties are characteristics of a pure substance that describe its ability to change into different substances
-Properties can be used to classify substances
-Examples: Ability to burn and/or react with other substances
Only observed when the original substance is changed into a different substance
-New substances may have different properties then the original substances

5. Changes in Matter
Matter can undergo two basic types of changes- physical changes and chemical changes
Physical changes- alters the form or appearance of matter but does not form any new substances
Chemical changes- changes in matter that produce one or more new substances

6. Physical Changes of Matter
A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the change
Changes of State-
Matter can exist in three phases or states
Gaseous- Has no definite shape or volume (ex.-water vapor)
Liquid- Has no definite shape but a definite volume (ex.- water)
Solid- Has a definite shape and volume (ex.- ice)
Changes of state result when thermal energy is either added or removed
A change in state, such as from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas, is an example of a physical change

7. States of Matter
Solid
The particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together.
- Solids have a definite shape and definite volume
-Tightly packed molecules vibrate in place
Types of solids:
Crystalline solids- Have a set melting point due to the regular repeating pattern of their particles
Amorphous solids- No set melting point, substances become softer and softer, due to particles
not being arranged in a repeating pattern (examples: rubber and glass)

8. States of Matter Liquid
Liquid takes the shape of its container, but its volume does not change.
- Liquids have a definite volume, but and no definite shape
- Molecules are almost as tightly packed as solids, but the particles have more energy and are able to freely move around each other
Viscosity-A liquid’s resistance to flow
Surface Tension- The inward pull of surface molecules which brings the molecules
on the surface closer together

9. States of Matter
Gas
A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.
- Have no definite shape or volume
- Molecules have the most energy and move around in random patterns, spreading out to fill their container

10. States of Matter Temperature of a Gas
Why do hot gas particles move faster than cold gas particles?
- More thermal energy
- The higher the temperature, the faster the particles will move

11. Changes of State Liquid to a Gas
The graph shows the temperature of a small pot of water on a stove set to high heat.

12. Changes of State Water Ice Melting
At it’s melting point, the particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions
Which circle of molecules represents water, and which represents ice?
Water
Ice

13. Changes of State Types of Vaporization
Liquid water changes to water vapor by either evaporation or boiling.
Evaporation occurs only at the surface of a liquid
Boiling takes place both at the surface and below
What are the types of vaporization occurring in each flask?
Evaporation
Boiling

14. Changes of State The Changing States of Water
- Why does a substance change states?
- Changes of state result when thermal energy is either added or removed

15. Gas Behavior Temperature and Gas Pressure
When a gas is heated in a closed, rigid container, the particles move faster and collide more often.
Pressure within the container increases as temperatures increase
Known as Charles’s Law

16. Gas Behavior Cooling a Balloon
The volume of a gas-filled balloon decreases as temperature decreases and then increases as temperature increases.

17. Gas Behavior Charles’s Law
How the gas particles and piston would look at different temperatures