Ch. 20; Sect. 3 Hardship of Industrial Life

?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What soared within big cities? 1.) What soared within big cities? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 3.) Describe the “Factory System”. 3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

The Industrial City Urbanization – movement of people to cities. Urbanization – movement of people to cities. RURAL – TO – URBAN MOVEMENT RURAL – TO – URBAN MOVEMENT Soaring Population growth. Soaring Population growth. Manchester, England Manchester, England Population was 17,000 in Population was 17,000 in By 1801, population reaches 70,000. By 1801, population reaches 70,000. Factories dominate the skyline. Factories dominate the skyline. Places that brought together workers and machines. Places that brought together workers and machines.

What grabs your attention first about the picture? London, England

The Factory System “While the engine runs….people must work.” “While the engine runs….people must work.” Strict schedule for each day. Strict schedule for each day. Start early (6 a.m.) and leave late (9 p.m.) Start early (6 a.m.) and leave late (9 p.m.) Long shifts Long shifts 12 – 16 hours of work, each day. 12 – 16 hours of work, each day. Workers returned home to Tenements. Workers returned home to Tenements.

The Factory System continued…. The Factory System put an end to the Domestic System. The Factory System put an end to the Domestic System. Under the Domestic System the work was done at home. Under the Domestic System the work was done at home. No longer the case. Work is completed in busy, crowded, and dangerous factories. No longer the case. Work is completed in busy, crowded, and dangerous factories.

Employment In Factories Factories wanted: Factories wanted: Women Women Children Children Unskilled Unskilled Why the unskilled?? Why the unskilled??

?? What You Should Know ?? 1.) What soared within big cities? 1.) What soared within big cities? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 2.) Which city is considered the place where the Industrial Revolution began? 3.) Describe the “Factory System”. 3.) Describe the “Factory System”.

Ch. 20; Sect. 3 The Working Class

1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution? 2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution? 3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle- Class” of society during the ’s. ?? What You Should Know ??

Labor of the Industrial Rev How old do you think the boy in the front is? How old do you think the boy in the front is? What do you notice about his clothing? What do you notice about his clothing? How long do you think he has worked today? This week? How long do you think he has worked today? This week? How much do you think he makes an Hour? How much do you think he makes an Hour? If he could tell you about his life in two – three sentences, what might he say? If he could tell you about his life in two – three sentences, what might he say?

Young boy working in a coal mine Young boy working in a coal mine

Wages Wages were as low as possible Wages were as low as possible So owners could make more money So owners could make more money

Why wages so low?? Unskilled Labor, anyone could operate machines, little training needed. Unskilled Labor, anyone could operate machines, little training needed. High competition- High competition- fire workers if they didn’t accept low wages fire workers if they didn’t accept low wages

Child Labor Many factories employed children as workers. Many factories employed children as workers. Could pay less, b/c unskilled. Could pay less, b/c unskilled. Work long hours hrs.+ Work long hours hrs.+ No time for school. No time for school.

Factory Work Long hours (14 hr/day, 6 days/week) Long hours (14 hr/day, 6 days/week) Very dangerous (injuries) Very dangerous (injuries) Loss of Life or Limb not uncommon Loss of Life or Limb not uncommon Low Wages cents/hr Low Wages cents/hr

Textile Mill – Chicago, Illinois

Furman Owens, 12 years old. Cannot read. Does not know his A,B,C's. Furman Owens, 12 years old. Cannot read. Does not know his A,B,C's. "Yes I want to learn, but can't when I work all the time." "Yes I want to learn, but can't when I work all the time."

Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. "I ain't very fast; only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box," "I ain't very fast; only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box,"

This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a rain storm. Was found selling papers in a rain storm.

Out selling papers after midnight

Young girl needing a step to reach her machine Young girl needing a step to reach her machine

Middle Class Bankers, merchants, doctors, lawyers, professors, and ENTREPRENEURS. Bankers, merchants, doctors, lawyers, professors, and ENTREPRENEURS. Those who are in charge of maintaining and operating the businesses. Those who are in charge of maintaining and operating the businesses. Lived in above average homes. Lived in above average homes. Well-educated. Well-educated.

Women during the Industrial Revolution Working class (poor) women had to work in factories or as nannies. Working class (poor) women had to work in factories or as nannies. Middle class women stayed home. Middle class women stayed home. Lived a “lady-like” lifestyle. Lived a “lady-like” lifestyle.

Improvement for Women New jobs – as nurses, secretaries, and teachers New jobs – as nurses, secretaries, and teachers More Women’s colleges More Women’s colleges Cambridge University allows females to apply. Cambridge University allows females to apply. Western College (Miami University -- Ohio) Western College (Miami University -- Ohio)

Living Conditions Tenements Tenements Horrible, inhumane circumstances. Horrible, inhumane circumstances. Notice the living conditions of these workers. Notice the living conditions of these workers.

New York City – Circa 1900

1.) What would your life be like if you were a poor child growing up in England or the United States during the Industrial Revolution? 2.) Why did owners prefer children and women to adult men in many cases during the Industrial Revolution? 3.) Please list and describe who made up the “Middle- Class” of society during the ’s. ?? What You Should Know ??

Was the Industrial Revolution such a good event? From what you have seen, read, and heard I would like you to take time and answer this question. From what you have seen, read, and heard I would like you to take time and answer this question. Weight all the factors about the Industrial Revolution and decide on your stance. Weight all the factors about the Industrial Revolution and decide on your stance. ??Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or curse for human kind?? ??Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or curse for human kind??