Biology in the 21st Century Chapter 1 Biology in the 21st Century

Power Notes Fill out during the lecture and use them for study This narrows down the main ideas. The rest of the stuff we do, like Study Guides, homework, and Labs, is for practice You know the saying, “practice makes perfect?” This definitely applies to learning Biology!

BIOSPHERE All living things and the places they are found on Earth make up the Biosphere.

BIODIVERSITY The variety of living things, called biodiversity, is greatest at the equator.

SPECIES Species describes a group of living things that are reproductively isolated.

ORGANISM Any individual living thing is an organism.

CHARACTERISTICS SHARED BY ALL LIVING THINGS: Made of Cells Need for Energy Respond to the environment Reproduce and Develop C.E.R.R.D.

CELLS All living things are made of one or more cells. The cell is the “basic unit of life”

ENERGY Energy is the ability to do work. All living things use chemical energy.

RESPOND All organisms must react to the environment to survive.

REPRODUCE and DEVELOP Reproduction results in passing DNA to new individuals. DNA codes for each individual’s growth and development

This course in Biology has four unifying themes Systems- organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole. Exist at every level or organization Structure and function- are always related in living things. Wings, pinchers, claws, leaves, etc. are shaped for their particular function

This course in Biology has four unifying themes Homeostasis- maintaining a stable internal environment is critical for life. Stable pH, chemical composition, gas content Evolution- the change in the genetic make-up of a population over time leads to the formation of new species. This fact links all levels of biology, and explains both diversity and unity in life.

IN-CLASS WORK Use the rest of the period to complete sections 1.1 and 1.2 in your study guide (pages 1-4). BE SURE YOUR NAME IS WRITTEN IN INK ON THE COVER OF YOUR STUDY GUIDE

OBSERVATION Involves perceiving the world with one or more of our 5 senses Can be direct or with an instrument, like a thermometer or a microscope.

Inference Deriving a conclusion about an observation using logic Inferences cannot be directly observed. They require thought. An inference is a statement based on your interpretation of the facts.

Observation and Inference List the observations you can make in the picture. “Just the facts” What can you infer? What you “read into” an observation

More observations may alter inference List additional observations Does this change or support your previous inference?

And more observations can support or change earlier inferences.

HYPOTHESIS More than an “educated guess” It has to be a prediction that can be tested. It sets up the study or experiment An easy way to set up a hypothesis is by using an IF-THEN statement Example: IF I study key words every week, THEN I will earn an A on the Biology exam. HYPOTHESIS

Today’s In-Class Assignment. Todays KEY WORDS (listed on page 9 of the study guide): observation hypothesis Independent variable constant data experiment Dependent variable Theory Study Guide: ALL pages 5 and 6 (1.3) #6-7 page 8 (1.4) 6,7,8 page 10 (1.5)