1. Do Now 9/3 Chapter 1.1-1.2: The Study of Life 7 9/4
Study of Life Worksheet 8
REMEMBER: THE DO NOW SHOULD BE ANSWERED ON TOP OF PAGE 7
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.
Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
A. a question
B. a hypothesis
C. a control group
D. a description of the experiment

2. Do Now 9/3 Chapter 1.1-1.2: The Study of Life 7 9/4
Study of Life Worksheet 8
REMEMBER: THE DO NOW SHOULD BE ANSWERED ON TOP OF PAGE 7
Answer
C. The experiment is lacking a control group.
Carmen should have also taken the pulse of people who were NOT listening to any music to make sure that a person’s pulse rate would not change randomly.

3. Chapter 1.1-1.2: The Study of Life
INB Page 7

4. Chapter Vocabulary Biosphere DNA Biodiversity System Species Ecosystem
Biology
Homeostasis
Organism
Evolution
Cell
Adaptation
Metabolism

5. Diversity of Life
Life is found in the darkness at the deepest ocean floors and in thousands-of-years-old ice in Antarctica
Not only are living things found just about anywhere on Earth, but they also come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes

6. The Biosphere
All living things and all the places they are found on Earth make up the biosphere.
Every part of the biosphere is connected, from the oceans to the bacteria that live in your gut.

7. Biodiversity
The variety of life across the biosphere is called biodiversity (biological diversity)
Biodiversity generally increases from Earth’s poles to the equator, meaning warm climates generally have the greatest biodiversity

8. Biodiversity
One definition of species is a particular type of living things that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves
About 2 million different living species have been identified, and scientists estimate there are tens of millions that remain unknown.
Every year, biologists discover about 10,000 new species

9. Characteristics of Life
Biology is the scientific study of all life forms, or all types of organisms
An organism is any individual living thing
All organisms on Earth share certain characteristics, but an actual definition of “life” is not simple

10. Characteristics of Life
The categories of living and nonliving are constructed by humans, and they are not perfect
Example: viruses display some characteristics of life, but not all of them, so we do not characterize them as alive

11. 1.) Cells
All organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are the basic functional units of all life.
Single celled organisms are called unicellular while organisms that contain more than one cell are called multicellular

12. Unicellular vs Multicellular
Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life in a single cell
Multicellular organisms have multiple cells (in the trillions!), but the cells are specialized, meaning they have specific functions. The individual cells of a multicellular organism are unable to survive independently.
Ex: muscle cells

13. 2.) Need for energy
All organisms need a source of energy for their life processes
Energy is the ability to cause a change or to do work
The form of energy used by all living things is chemical energy

14. 2.) Need for Energy
Some organisms, like plants and algae, produce their own energy from the sun (producers) while others must obtain their energy by consuming other organisms (consumers)
In all organisms, energy is important for metabolism, which is all the chemical processes that build up or breakdown materials

15. 3.) Response to Environment
All organisms must react to their environment to survive
Light, temperature, and touch are just a few examples of stimuli; to which organisms respond

16. 4.) Reproduction
Members of a species must have the ability to produce new individuals, or reproduce
When organisms reproduce, they pass their genetic material to their offspring
In all organisms, the genetic material is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

17. 5.) Growth and development
The process of development allows organisms to mature and gain the ability to reproduce

18. 6.)Homeostasis
All organisms require the ability to maintain constant internal conditions, or homeostasis
Ex: temperature, blood sugar, blood pH

19. Check Your Understanding
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
use of energy
made of cells
stable internal environment
need for oxygen

20. Check Your Understanding
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
use of energy
made of cells
stable internal environment
need for oxygen

21. Check Your Understanding
The genetic code is carried in
Water.
DNA.
proteins.
soil.

22. Check Your Understanding
The genetic code is carried in
Water.
DNA.
proteins.
soil.

23. Levels of Organization
molecules
cells
organisms
populations
communities
Biomes=ecosystems
the biosphere

24. Levels of organization
Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems

25. Levels of organization
Ecosystem
Community and its nonliving surroundings

26. Levels of organization
Community Populations that live together in a defined area

27. Levels of organization
Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

28. Levels of organization
Organism Individual living thing

29. Levels of organization
Groups of Cells
Tissues, organs, and organ systems

30. Levels of organization
Cells Smallest functional unit of life

31. Levels of organization
Molecules Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds

32. Evolution
In biology, evolution, or the change in living things through time, explains inherited similarities as well as the diversity of life.

33. Adaptation
An inherited trait that gives an advantage to individual organisms and is passed on to future generations is an adaptation
Over time, the makeup of a population changes over time due to adaptations
Evolution through adaptation takes many, many generations