- considered the portion of the Earth system that includes the Earth's interior, rocks and minerals, landforms and the processes that shape the Earth's surface.

 The thickness of the geosphere is between 6.25 and 125 miles.  The geosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth.  The geosphere contains the mantle and crust materials known as tectonic plates.  Tectonic plates make up a part of the geosphere and hold up the continents.  Three main types of rocks form the geosphere: igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.

 Igneous Rock – such as pumice and obsidian; formed by volcanic action.  Sedimentary Rock – sandstone and limestone; formed when small particles of minerals in water sink to the bottom in layers and harden.  Metamorphic Rock – such as marble; are formed when any kind of rock is heated and crushed beneath the Earth’s crust, changing the basic structure

- The biosphere is every living organism on the planet such as plants humans and animals. - And biosphere uses all the other earth systems to survive.

 As living organisms (biosphere) we live off the geosphere and use it to grow food to eat.  The biosphere needs all of the other four layers of the Earth to survive.

- The word “hydro” comes from the greek word meaning water. - Is the water supply need to support life on Earth. - Covers about 70% of the Earth

- High Specific Heat – how long it takes water to cool down and heat up. - The high specific heat of the Hydrosphere is important to help regulate temperatures on Earth to keep them suitable for life.

- the envelope of gases surrounding the Earth - contains pollution that is effected by the wind, weather, some geographical figures, and toxic chemicals released by the daily things we do.

 Pollution is one of the most common air effecting problems for the Earth today. The air is affected by the amount of sources the pollution is coming from and the distances and interactions.

 Wind can pick up and carry various pollutants and disperse them around sources that may not have as much power plants or other types of emission sources.

 Mountains and valleys are more prone to trapping the harmful air products rather than flatter plains with lighter winds than normal with extreme cold weather, the patterns are traced across the world.

 The atmosphere in some area’s are stable enough to not carry harmful air pollution, although temperature inversions are not always common but continue to trap the pollutants near the earth’s surface where it is colder

 Things such as fertilizers and pesticides used on farm lands. Most of the pesticides are drained into nearby water streams or rivers which soon carries the chemicals throughout the earth and creates a unstable cycle for today’s pollution concerns.