Civil War 1861-1865 North South vs.

U. S. went to war with itself during the Civil War. It was a war between the Northern and the Southern States. Americans against Americans brother against brother

“A house divided against itself cannot stand” Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln honest humble eloquent courageous self-made man

Abraham Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln

“He’ll be president of the United States one day “He’ll be president of the United States one day. If I had not thought so, I never would have married him. For you can see, he is not pretty.” Mary Todd Lincoln

One of the most important reasons for the Civil War was slavery. Many people in the South owned slaves and they wanted to keep the practice of slavery. The North wanted to abolish (end) slavery.

“I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.” Abraham Lincoln

South Carolina seceded (separated) from the United States when Abraham Lincoln was elected president. A total of 11 states seceded from the U. S. and formed their own country called the Confederate States of America or Confederacy.

The South Confederate States of America or Confederacy Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy. General Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate army. the gray Rebels agriculture

President of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy

Confederate Army General Robert E. Lee Confederate Army General

The North United States or Union Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States during the Civil War. General Ulysses S. Grant was the commander of the Union army. the Blue Yankees industry (factories)

16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States

Ulysses S. Grant Union Army General

Battles

Fort Sumter

The battle at Fort Sumter was the beginning of the Civil War.

Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam (Maryland) – It was the single bloodiest day of the war. Both sides lost many soldiers.

Battle of Vicksburg At the Battle of Vicksburg in Mississippi, the Union took total control of the Mississippi River. Controlling the Mississippi meant that the Confederacy would be cut off from Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.

Battle of Gettysburg After the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, President Lincoln gave a speech at a ceremony dedicating a cemetery where Union soldiers were buried. It is one of the most famous speeches in American history.

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

Gettysburg Address “government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

What type of government was President Abraham Lincoln describing in his Gettysburg Address? Democracy

Emancipation Proclamation emancipation – to set free Emancipation Proclamation – It was made by President Abraham Lincoln. It stated that all slaves in the South were free. Because the Emancipation Proclamation applied only to areas that the Confederacy controlled, it did not actually free anyone.

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln hoped that when slaves would hear about the proclamation, they would run away. At the beginning of the war, blacks were not allowed to become soldiers. The South was afraid that slaves would rebel against the owners if they were given weapons.

The Union decided to accept black soldiers after the Emancipation Proclamation. Near the end of the war, the Confederacy became desperate and also accepted blacks as soldiers.

In 1865 Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment which truly freed the slaves.

Emancipation Proclamation

End of Civil War - 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

President Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address “With malice toward none, with charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him who has borne the battle…to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves”

Lincoln felt that the South should be treated with kindness. What was Abraham Lincoln’s view of how the South should be treated after the Civil War? Lincoln felt that the South should be treated with kindness.

Lincoln’s Assassination Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth in the back of the head while watching a play at Ford’s Theater. John Wilkes Booth was an actor and Confederate sympathizer.

Booth had been planning for some time to kidnap Lincoln. Booth was a fanatic for the Southern cause. He believed Abraham Lincoln was an evil man.

John Wilkes Booth

“Our country owed all her troubles to him, and God simply made me the instrument of his punishment.” John Wilkes Booth

Booth’s Capture

Samuel Arnold: sentenced to life George Atzerodt: sentenced to hang David Herold: sentenced to hang Dr. Samuel Mudd: sentenced to life Michael O’Laughten: sentenced to life Lewis Paine: sentenced to hang Edman Spangler: sentenced to 6 years John Surratt: escaped to Canada Mary Surratt: sentenced to hang

He risked everything to save a young America from self-destruction, and paid the ultimate price.

Mary Todd Lincoln Three of her four sons died. She tried to commit suicide by dinking poison. She was declared insane by a court. Her husband was assassinated.

Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment (1865) – abolished (ended) slavery 14th Amendment (1868) – granted citizenship to African Americans 15th Amendment (1870) – gave the right to vote to Black men (former slaves)

North South President Abraham Lincoln General Ulysses S. Grant Union President Jefferson Davis General Robert E. Lee Confederacy