ART ELEMENTS and ART PRINCIPLES

*What are the five major kinds of LINES ? ??? Questions to Consider ??? Part I.: *What are the five major kinds of LINES ? *What are the two basic categories of SHAPE ?FORM? *How does SHAPE and FORM differ? *What are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS? *What are the three properties of COLOR? *What are the two kinds of TEXTURE? *What is VALUE? *How do artists show SPACE in their artworks?

Line is a point set into motion….a dot moving through space. There are five basic kinds of lines.These include: Horizontal= Vertical = Diagonal = Zigzag = Curved =

When used in an artwork LINES can relate Feelings………… VERTICAL LINES show dignity , strength , and formality HORIZONTAL LINES feel calm, relaxed, and comfortable. DIAGONAL LINES show action and excitement! They can make us feel tense and uncomfortable! ZIGZAG LINES can suggest action, nervous excitement, and confusion. CURVED LINES express graceful, flowing movement.

Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporate Grant Wood Salvador Dali Georgia O'Keefe Piet Mondrian Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporate Lines into their art !

Shape Shape is the area set off by one or more of the art elements. Shapes can be classified into two classes: *Geometric shapes = precise shapes such as the circle , triangle , rectangle, oval, and square. *Organic shapes = these shapes are not regular or even…and are Often found in nature.

In Georgia O’Keeffe’s and Piet Mondrian’s works we can See the two basic kinds of shapes.

Form width depth length Form is an object with three dimensions. In drawing, it is creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. width depth Two-dimensional length Three-dimensional

We can see in the following works how the artists relate FORM: Michelangelo Cassatt Dali vanGogh Dali

Color

The Basic Color Wheel Primary Colors Secondary Colors Intermediate Color

Primary Colors Primary colors are the original colors. These cannot be made by mixing any other colors. They are the building block colors from which all other colors originate. The three primary colors are: Red Yellow Blue

Artists’ Use of Primary Color Auguste Renoir Edward Hopper Piet Mondrian

Secondary Colors Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing equal amounts primary of two colors. For example: Red + Yellow = Orange Yellow + Blue = Green Blue + Red = Violet

Artists Use of Secondary Color Auguste Renoir Vincent van Gogh

Intermediate Colors Intermediate colors (also known as tertiary colors) are colors created by mixing a primary color with its’ neighboring secondary color. For example: Primary Red + Secondary Orange = Red Orange / Orange Red Primary Blue + Secondary Violet = Blue Violet / Violet Blue Primary Yellow + Secondary Green = Green Yellow / Yellow Green

Intermediate Colors Primary Color Intermediate Color Secondary Color

Warm Colors Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main warm colors are: Red Orange Yellow Warm colors suggest energy, action, and normally optically advance!

Artists Use of Warm Colors Cezanne Rothko Munch Van Gogh

Cool Colors Cool Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main cool colors are: Blue Green Violet Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness. Optically, they tend to recede.

Artists Use of Cool Colors Georges Seurat Henri Matisse Mary Cassatt Claude Monet Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh

Analogous Colors Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the color wheel having a common “hue”. Examples would be: Red Red Violet Violet Red Violet Violet Blue Blue Violet Blue Blue Green Green Blue Green Green yellow Yellow Green Yellow Yellow Orange Orange Yellow Orange Orange Red Red Orange

Analogous Colors

Color Shades The SHADE of a color is changed by adding Black.

Color Tints Color Tints are changed by adding white. The exception to this would be by watercolorists -who add water!

Texture Texture is how something feels or looks like it feels.We experience texture thru our senses of sight and touch There are three basic kinds of Textures. These are: *Natural or actual… Is what you experience when you actually touch an object. Porcupines would be sharp..feathers could be soft. *Artificial = Man made …like rope, yarn, netting *Simulated = Man made to look like it has a texture.

In these works, we can see how the artist relates Textures…. Claude Monet Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh

Value Value Value Value Value is the lightness or darkness of A hue. To change the value of a color You add white (or water in watercolors) to change its TINT and Black to change its shade. Monochromatic means the same thing.. Value Value Value

Space Space is the distance or area between, around, below, and within things. *There are two basic kinds of Space : positive and negative. Positive space is the object itself; Negative space is the area in and around the object. negative positive negative

Look at these images by Mary Cassatt and distinguish between the positive space and the negative space!

1.= Overlapping 2.= Size 3.= Focus 4.= Placement Space…………………… Artists use various technique to give the illusion of DEPTH in their works of art. Some of these include : 1.= Overlapping 2.= Size 3.= Focus 4.= Placement 5.= Intensity and Value 6.= Linear Perspective Lets take a look at some of these……………..

1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in front of the other. Space…………… 1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in front of the other. In this image by Mary Cassatt, the girl in the foreground is “overlapping” the girl looking thru the binoculars.

SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones. SPACE……………………………… SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones. Monet’s boats in the background are smaller than the ones in the foreground

FOCUS = Artists add more detail to objects in the foreground, less detail to objects in the background. Vincent van Gogh’s Irises are more distinct in the foreground than the background.

PLACEMENT: Artists also show space by placing distant objects Higher up on the picture (background) and closer ones lower down on the picture ( middle ground and foreground). Background Middle ground Foreground We also must take into consideration that WARM colors ADVANCE While COOL colors RECEDE.

SPACE….. In this image by John Constable, we can see that objects farther away Appear higher than those closer to us.

Intensity and Value: Space……………. Artists often used colors lower in intensity and lighter in value for objects in the distance. In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the color becomes less Intense and lighter in value.

Space………… Linear Perspective = An artist uses slanted lines on buildings and other objects so that they appear to come together in the distance. We can see in the following works how linear perspective draws The viewer into the artwork. Claude Monet Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh Claude Monet

??? Questions to Consider ??? Part II. What are PRINCIPLES OF ART? *What does using EMPHASIS enable the artist to do? *What is RHYTHM/PATTERN / REPETITION and what two ways do artists use it in their artworks? *What are the three basic kinds of BALANCE? *What is CONTRAST and how do artists use this in their works of art? *What is UNITY and how does it create a whole picture? *Why is PROPORTION in an artwork important? *How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?

The Principles of Art are basically rules or guidelines that govern the way in which the Art Elements go together. These include: *EMPHASIS *PATTERN/RHYTHM *BALANCE *CONTRAST/VARIETY *HARMONY *UNITY *PROPORTION *MOVEMENT Lets take a look at these individually…………….

Emphasis EMPHASIS is used by an artist to make an element or object stand out in a work of art. EMPHASIS is used by the artist to control What part of the artwork the viewer sees most or most often. EMPHASIS is also used by the artist to control how long a viewer spends looking at each of the different parts.

To make an element or object in a work of art stand Emphasis: To make an element or object in a work of art stand Out…..artists use emphasis. Emphasis = Emphasis of size Van Gogh Emphasis = Emphasis of color Salvador Dali Emphasis of line Grant Wood

Balance BALANCE in an artwork, it the arrangement of art elements so that no one part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than, any other part. There are three basic types of balance.These are: *Symmetrical or Formal Balance *Asymmetrical or Informal Balance *Radial Balance

Symmetrical or Formal Balance is created when one half of a work of art mirrors the other half.. Symmetrical or Formal Balance is predictable, thus, sometimes less interesting. Leonardo da Vinci Claude Monet Georgia O’Keeffe

Asymmetrical or Informal Balance is evident when two unlike objects appear to have equal weight. When used skillfully, it can create more interesting compositions. Vincent van Gogh Mary Cassatt

Radial Balance in an artwork occurs when the elements or objects are positioned around a central point.

HARMONY Is created by using pleasing combinations of the art elements such as line, shape, form, color, texture, space and value.

Contrast CONTRAST/VARIETY in an artwork is created-when the artist makes a difference in value, color,texture,shape,line,form,or space. Color Contrast by Monet Texture Contrast by OKeeffe Value Contrast by Durer

Contrast/Variety Form Contrast by Marat Space Contrast by Monet Line Contrast By Van Gogh

Movement MOVEMENT in a work of art directs the viewer through the art piece –often to the focal area.It also encourages the viewer to sense action within the work. Van Gogh Van Gogh V Van Gogh

Pattern Pattern / Repetition /Rhythm is the repeating of shapes, lines, color, or other art elements in planned or random order to create interest or make the artwork more exciting. Vincent van Gogh Mary Cassatt Andy Warhol

Proportion In art, PROPORTION is the size of objects and how they relate to each other and to the whole. Grant Wood Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt

UNITY All parts of the artwork work together to create the whole piece, without distractions