1. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

2. Principles & Elements of Design
Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Principles & Elements of Design
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

3. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Visual Design Elements
Six integral components in the creation of a design:
Space
Texture
Value
Line
Color
Form/Shape
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

4. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Line
Types
Vertical- Represents dignity, formality, stability and strength.
Horizontal- Represents calm, peace and relaxation.
Diagonal- Represents action, activity, excitement and movement.
Curved- Represents freedom, the natural, having the appearance of softness and creates a soothing feeling or mood.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

5. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Vertical Lines
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

6. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Horizontal Lines
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

7. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Diagonal Lines
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

8. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Curved Lines
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

9. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Color
Color has an immediate
and profound effect on a design.
Types
Warm Colors
Reds, oranges, yellows
Cool Colors
Blues, purples, greens
Colors can affect how humans feel and act.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

10. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Color
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

11. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Form and Shape
The shape, outline, or configuration of anything.
Examples
Squares
Circles
Ellipses
Ovals
Rectangles
Triangles
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

12. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Form and Shape
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

13. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Space
By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce the visual space.
Types
Open, uncluttered spaces
Cramped, busy
Unused vs. good use of space
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

14. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Texture
The surface look or feel of something.
Types
Smooth surface
Reflects more light and, therefore, is a more intense color.
Rough surface
Absorbs more light and, therefore, appears darker.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

15. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Smooth Texture
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

16. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rough Texture
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Copyright 2006

17. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Value
The relative lightness or darkness of a color.
Methods
Shade
Degree of darkness of a color
Tint
A pale or faint variation of a color
Add black to get a shade. Add white to get a tint.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

18. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Visual Design Principles
There are five principles that encompass an interesting design.
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Proportion and scale
Unity
There are many different lists of design principles used by various occupational areas.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

19. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance
Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of stability.
There can be physical as well as visual balance.
Types
Symmetrical or Formal Balance
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Radial Balance
Vertical Balance
Horizontal Balance
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

20. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance Symmetrical or Formal Balance The elements within the design are identical in relation to a centerline or axis.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

21. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Parts of the design are not identical but are equal in visual weight.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

22. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance Radial Balance
Design Elements radiate
outward from the center.
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23. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.
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Copyright 2006

24. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Balance Horizontal Balance
The left and right
parts are equal.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

25. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm
Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture or pattern.
Types
Regular rhythm
Graduated rhythm
Random rhythm
Gradated rhythm
This principle is sometimes referred to as repetition.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

26. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Regular Rhythm A element is repeated at the same repetition each time.
Flagpoles, windows on buildings, stripes on awning, lights that illuminate awning all represent regular rhythm.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

27. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Graduated Rhythm The beats of the element become closer or further apart as they move.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

28. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Random Rhythm The beats of the element are random
or are at irregular intervals.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

29. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Rhythm Gradated Rhythm The repeated element is identical with the exception of one detail increasing or decreasing gradually with each repetition.
The shelves get smaller and smaller.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

30. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Emphasis
Points of attention in a design.
The feature in a design that attracts one’s eye.
The focal point.
Emphasis can be achieved through size, placement, color and use of lines.
The most personal aspect of a design.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

31. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Proportion and Scale
Comparative relationships between elements in a design with respect to size.
3:5 ratio is known as the Golden Mean.
Scale
The proportions or size of one part of the image in relationship to the other.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

32. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Unity
Unity is applying consistent use of lines, color, and texture within a design.
To be harmonious.
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006

33. Visual Design Principles and Elements
Introduction to Engineering Design
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Visual Analysis
Unity
Project Lead The Way®
Copyright 2006