Recent Stuff: 1914-Present Song: I Want it That Way- Backstreet Boys

World War 1 Era Alliances were kept to keep a balance of power Triple Alliance Created by Otto von Bismarck Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente France, Britain, and Russia

World War 1 Era Outbreak of war was extremely possible, everyone was preparing Schlieffen Plan: Called for attack on France through Belgium Archduke Francis Ferdinand At left Ruled Austria-Hungary Assassinated by Garilo Princip Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

World War 1 Era Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary Alliances entered the war United States Neutral (isolationism/focus on internal affairs) German sub sank British passenger line (The Lusitania) Zimmerman Telegram Germany urging Mexico to take up arms Intercepted by the U.S. Entered on side of the Allies

World War 1 Era Central Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Allies: Britain France Russia Italy United States

Millions of soldiers and civilians died Women worked in factories Treaty of Versailles: Ended WW1 Germany had to pay reparations, release territory, and downsize its military Divided Austria-Hungary World War 1 Era

Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson Wanted peace and balance of power League of Nations Wanted to preserve peace Not many nations joined, thought it was dumb

World War 1 Era Russian Revolution: Poverty in Russia Czar Nicholas abdicated throne Alexander Kerensky established a provisional government Soviets local councils Bolsheviks Socialist party Vladimir Lenin ruled party (at right)

World War 1 Era Russian Revolution ct’d: April Theses Lenin Demanded peace Bolsheviks took over government Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Armistice with Germany Russia dropped out of WW1 Red Army Commanded by Leon Trotsky Military force

World War 1 Era Turks: Mustafa Kemal Aka Ataturk Led military campaigns against Greeks Overthrew Ottoman sultan 1 st president of modern Turkey

World War 2 Era Soviet Union: New Economic Policy Helped agriculture Lenin died-Joseph Stalin took over Stopped NEP Instituted 5-yr plans (collectivization) Totalitarian and Communist USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Industrialized Great Purges Enemies of Lenin were killed

World War 2 Era The Great Depression: WW1 = expensive (warfare and rebuilding) Americans lent Europe $$$ (France and Germany) Loans couldn’t be repaid October 29, 1929: STOCK MARKET CRASH Hurt governments Franklin Roosevelt Became president of U.S.

World War 2 Era Italy: Benito Mussolini founded Fascism National Fascist Party Black shirts Fought communist and socialist organizations Mussolini seized government

World War 2 Era German emperor abdicated Weimar Republic Democratic republic Reichstag Elected body National Socialist Party (Nazis) rose to power Adolf Hitler headed Nazis Established the 3rd Reich Fascist government under Hitler

World War 2 Era Francisco Franco Took over Spain Supported by Italy and Germany Hitler: took back Rhineland Area taken away after WW1 rebuilt German military Violated Treaty of Versailles, no one cared Annexed Austria Munich Conference of 1939 Gave Sudetenland to Germany if Hitler promised to stop expanding Appeasement policy Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany would not invade Soviet Union if they turned their backs to Germany’s military

World War 2 Era Japan Thriving economy Invaded Manchuria, renamed it Manchukuo Anti-Comintern Pact Alliance with Germany, against Russian Communism Rape of Nanjing Pillaging in China

World War 2 Era Blitzkrieg Lightening war; used by Germany Used to take France Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain Battle of Britain Air bombing campaign used by Germany against Britain British won Tripartite Pact Rome, Berlin, and Germany Pearl Harbor December 7,1941 Japan bombed Hawaii

World War 2 Era Manhattan Project Development of Atomic Bomb D-day English, American, and Canadian forces landed on Normandy beaches Liberated France President Truman Ordered dropping of Atomic Bomb Believed it would end the war sooner, with less casualties than a prolonged war Hiroshima and Nagasaki Sites in Japan where Atomic Bomb was dropped

World War 2 Era Holocaust “The Final Solution” 6 million Jews killed Japan became a democracy Marshall Plan U.S. offered $$$ to European countries Women gained more rights Formed the U.N.

Communism and the Cold War Soviet Union vs.. United States Yalta and Potsdam conferences: Europe would be divided into spheres of influence occupied by the Allies Germany was divided between the U.S., France, Britain, and the Soviet Union West Germany: U.S., France, and Britain Soviets cut off access from West Germany to Berlin with the Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift Sent food and fuel to those in Berlin from West Germany

Communism and the Cold War Soviet Bloc Soviet Satellites Western Bloc Western Europe Truman Doctrine Stated the U.S. would help countries threatened by Communists (containment policy) NATO Western Military alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Pact Alliance of Soviet Bloc

Communism and the Cold War Iron Curtain Impenetrable line between Soviet and Western Blocs

Communism and the Cold War Sun Yat-sen At right Led Chinese Revolution of 1911 Kuomintang Political party Three Principles of the People Nationalism Socialism democracy Chiang Kai-Shek Successor to Yat-sen

Communism and the Cold War Mao Zedong Rallied peasants to gain power Established the Republic of China (became the People’s Republic of China) Great Leap Forward Communes were created to strengthen agriculture

Communism and the Cold War Mao Zedong ct’d: Cultural Revolution De-Westernized China Discouraged ruling class Schools were shut down, many people were killed Red Guards Little Red Book Deng Xiaoping: replaced Zedong Tiananmen Square Massacre Government open fired on protesters

Communism and the Cold War Korea: Korea is part of Japan before WW2 Korea became occupied by the U.S. and USSR Two separate governments established North Korea = communist South Korea = democracy North Korea attacked South Korea General MacArthur led U.N. forces, helping South Korea, but eventually China came in on the side of the North until an armistice could be reached

Communism and the Cold War Vietnam: Vietminh fought against French control of Vietnam Vietnam became divided Ho Chi Minh At right Communist Led the North Ngo Dihn Diem President of the democratic south France and United States fought for the South, led to reunification of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh

Communism and the Cold War Cuba: Platt Amendment U.S. could remain involved in Cuban affairs Batista dictatorship Supported by U.S. Fidel Castro At right Overthrew Batista Communist Cuban Revolution Overthrow of Batista President Kennedy Authorized Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Exiles sought to overthrow Castro, didn’t work

Communism and the Cold War Cuba: Cuban Revolution Overthrow of Batista President Kennedy Authorized Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Exiles sought to overthrow Castro, didn’t work Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet Union installed missiles in Cuba Kennedy applied a naval blockade around Cuba Soviets removed missiles for the promise that the U.S. wouldn’t invade Cuba

Communism and the Cold War Poland Solidarity movement Strike for economic reform Led by Lech Walesa Tadeusz Mazowiecki became a prime minister who was for the movement Communism fell apart

Communism and the Cold War German Reunification East Germany cut ties with the USSR and united with West Germany Berlin Wall fell in 1989 Now a modern democratic society

Communism and the Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 Glasnost (openness) Perestroika (restructuring) Many reforms Ethnic cleansing many countries fell from the soviets power, but some did not Yugoslavia: Muslims were slaughtered by Serbians Soviet bloc disbanded, ending with the start of Russia

Independence Movements India Indian National Congress and Muslim league were formed to resist colonization Amritsar massacre Many Indians were slaughtered with provoking the British during a peaceful protest Mohandas Gandhi became the movements voice Britain granted independence to Britain after WW2

Independence Movements Africa Northern African gained independence first Gamal Nassar helped to gain Egypt’s independence Southern Africa had little resources to help gain independence Rwanda Tutsi governed the larger Hutu population Hutu’s revolted after Rwanda gained independence Hutu’s ruled, but then civil war and genocide broke out

Independence Movements South Africa Union of South Africa Combination of British and Dutch ruled colonies, whites had the power Apartheid system Divided whites and blacks Nelson Mandela led the African National Congress against apartheid Apartheid abolished in 1994

Independence Movements Israel Zionists Jewish nationalists Arthur Balfour Balfour Declaration Stated right for a Jewish homeland in Palestine David Ben-Gurion 1st prime minister Arabs uneasy of Jewish neighbors, wanted their land back Six Day War Jews won territory from Arabs Camp David Accords Israel pulled out of some Arab territory, Arab prime minister recognized Israel as a state

Other Important Stuff OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Taliban Violent Islamic fundamentalist regime Al Queda International terrorist network Led by Osama Bin Ladin Trading blocks North American Free Trade Agreement European Union

THE END I chose I Want it That Way as my song, because of all the conflicts going on in this time period, and how many different people and countries wanted things to be their way, and no one else's.