Eukaryotic Cells Animal and Plant
Cell/Plasma Membrane Thin covering that surrounds the cell Controls movement of materials in and out of cell
Cell Wall Additional, inflexible, external boundary that provides protection and support Plants = cellulose Fungi = chitin Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls!
Nucleus Manages cell function with DNA = Master instructions for building proteins Surrounded by nuclear envelope – double membrane to protect DNA Contains nucleolus (black)
Nucleoli (black) Produces particles (ribosomes) involved in protein synthesis
Ribosomes Assemble enzymes and other proteins No membrane
Cytosol Semi-fluid material that surrounds organelles Cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Folded systems of membranes that transports Rough ER = with ribosomes Smooth ER = without ribosomes Package proteins into vesicles for transport
Golgi Apparatus Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs that receive and modify newly synthesized proteins & lipids from ER vesicles Repackages into new vesicles and distributes to organlles, storage or outside the cell
Vesicles Lysosomes Membrane-bound bags that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria
Vesicles - continued Other types of vesicles Vacuoles – Sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane Space for temporary storage of materials Contractile vacuole – contract & dispose of excess water in cell Endosomes – pockets formed from cell membrane
Mitochondria Location of cellular respiration/breakdown of organic molecules to transfer energy to ATP Found in every eukaryotic cell/more numerous in cells that are more active. Powerhouse of the Cell!
Central Vacuole Stores water, nutrients, waste products & other materials in plants Enough water = maintains plant’s rigid structure
Chloroplasts Found in cells of green plants & some protists Transform light energy from the sun into usable chemical energy (sugar/starch) through photosynthesis Contain chlorophyll = Green pigment that traps energy from the sunlight
Cytoskeleton Support structure within the cytoplasm Made of Microtubules (thin, hollow protein cylinders) and Microfilaments (thin, solid protein fibers)
Centrioles Special Microtubules Involved in cell division of animal cells
Flagella Structure adapted for locomotion Long projections out of plasma membrane Whip-like motion
Cilia Structure adapted for locomotion Short, numerous, hair-like organelles Packed in tight rows with beating activity coordinated