1. Cell Organelles

2. Plant Cell Animal Cell

3. Cell Boundaries 1)Plasma Membrane – semi-permeable membrane 2)Cell Wall -Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this additional boundary -Located outside the plasma membrane -Provides additional support and protection (cellulose) -Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)

4. Cytoplasm Clear, jelly-like fluid that supports the cell, site of chemical reactions, houses all of the other organelles

5. Nucleus Controls cell processes (making proteins is the main function of cells) Contains DNA Membrane surrounding nucleus has pores to allow RNA, ribosomes to exit Nucleolus Inside nucleus Makes ribosomes

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Highly folded membranes suspended in the cytoplasm Site of cellular chemical reactions (workbench) 2 types: 1)Rough ER – area on ER where ribosomes attach, make proteins and transports proteins (cellular highway) 2)Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids, transports proteins, breaks down harmful substances

8. Ribosomes Found bound to rough ER and free-floating in the cytoplasm Site of protein synthesis (protein assembly) according to directions from the nucleus

9. Golgi Apparatus Flattened system of tubular membranes Modifies proteins by attaching carbohydrates and lipids Sends them to appropriate place in the cell in packages called vesicles “Post-Office”

10. Chloroplasts Only in plants Contain the green pigment Chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis - chlorophyll captures light energy to produce food

11. Vacuoles Sac-like structure Plants contain 1 large one, while animals have many small Storage of water, food and/or waste

12. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes to break-down old organelles, food, viruses, and bacteria Only animal cells “Clean-up” crew

13. Centrioles Animal cells only Made of microtubules Involved in cellular reproduction

14. Mitochondria Transform energy for the cell “Powerhouse” In plants and animals Found in varying numbers depending on the cell type (ex. Muscle cells have many)

15. Cytoskeleton Provides structure and support Works like poles of a tent Assists organelles in moving around the cell

16. Cilia Short, hair-like fibers (protein based) that move in a wave-like motion to propel (move) the cell or materials along surface of cell paramecium Tracheal cells (#3 is mucous particle)

17. Flagella Long, whip-like projections that propel the cell Protein based

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