1. Cell Organelles
Chapter 7 – Section 3

2. Review What did we say were the TWO MAIN types of cells?
What do they have in common?
What was the BIGGEST Difference?

3. 1. What did we say were the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic, and Eukaryotic
2. What do they have in common?
Cell Membrane, DNA, and
the ability to Break down molecules
3.What is the BIGGEST difference between them?
Prokaryotic, have NO membrane-bound organelles; Eukaryotic have membrane bound organelles.

5. Organelles Eukaryotic cells contain organelles.
Organelles are compartments within the cell.
Each organelle is specialized.
They each have a specific function.

6. There are two types of EUKAROTIC cells
1. Animal Cell
2. Plant Cell

7. Cytoplasm Clear, jelly-like fluid that supports the cell
Site of chemical reactions
Keeps organelles in place

8. Cytoskeleton Organelles don’t float freely in a cell.
They are supported by protein structures in the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton.

9. Cytoskeleton Provides structure and support Works like poles of a tent
Assists organelles in moving around the cell

10. Nucleus
Contains DNA which stores information for making proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction.
Nuclear Envelope – the membrane surrounding the nucleus. It’s similar to the plasma membrane.
Only Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotes have DNA; it’s just not packaged in a nucleus.

11. Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Makes ribosomes

12. Ribosomes
Are made in the nucleolus. Once made, they leave the nucleus and go to the cytoplasm.
Site of protein synthesis according to directions from the DNA.
Found bound to rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and throughout the entire cell
Cells have many ribosomes that produce a variety of proteins that are used by the cell or are sent out to be used by other cells.
Free-floating ribosomes produce proteins in the cytoplasm to be used by the cell.
ER-bound ribosomes produce proteins which will be packaged within membranes or to be used by other cells.

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Folded membrane suspended in the cytoplasm near the nucleus.
Acts like the “highway” of the cell in that it transports proteins around the cell.

14. 2 Types:
Rough ER – area on ER where ribosomes attach; Makes and transport proteins.
Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids (like phospholipids, for example), and it transports proteins.

16. Golgi Apparatus A flattened system of tubular membranes
Sends proteins to the plasma membrane in packages called vesicles to be exported outside the cell.
“Post-Office” of the cell.

17. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell - generates energy for the cell
Converts food particles (in the form of sugars) to energy

18. Vacuoles Sac-like structure
Plant cells contain one large one to store water.
Animal cells usually don’t contain vacuoles but if they do, they are small.
For temporary storage of water and/or food.

19. Cilia
Short, hair-like fibers that move in a wave-like motion to carry materials along the surface of the cell or to move single-celled organisms through fluid. Made of proteins.
paramecium
Tracheal cells (#3 is mucous particle)

20. Flagella Also made of proteins
Long, whip-like projections that move the cell through fluid.

21. Organelles Found Only in Animal Cells

22. Centrioles Animal cells only Made of protein microtubules.
Function during cell division.
More about these in Chapter 9.

23. Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes to break-down wastes (worn-out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria).
Found only in animal cells
“Clean-up crew” of the cell

24. Organelles Only in Plant Cells
There are 2 main things that plant cells have that animal cells do not:
The cell wall, which is made of rigid fibers to provide support and allow plant to stand upright. Provides protection by surrounding the plasma membrane.
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis which is the conversion of light energy (sun) to chemical energy (carbs) for a cell to use.

25. Cell Boundaries Cell Wall
Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this additional boundary
Located outside the plasma membrane
Provides additional support and protection (cellulose)
Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)

26. Chloroplasts Only in plant cells
Site of photosynthesis – captures light energy and converts it to energy the plant cell can use.

27. Time to Review!

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