Listening

Seven laws to better listening Spend more time listening Find interest in the other person Stay out of the way Listen to what people mean between the lines Make notes Assume the proper stance Be aware of your filters

We spend more time listening than reading, writing, and speaking. Hearing is a physiological process that occurs when you’re in the vicinity of vibration. It is basically a passive process occurs without any attention or effort on your part.

Listening involves 5 steps: Receiving – hearing and attending Understanding – learning and deciphering meaning Remembering- recalling and retaining Evaluating- judging and criticizing Responding- answering and giving feedback

I. The Listening Process( (stimuli) Receiving Responding Under- standing (back-channeling cues or feedback) (assign meaning) Evaluating Remembering (pos. or neg.) (reconstructive)

II. Listening, Culture, Gender A. Culture Effects: Speech Nonverbal Behaviors

Direct and Indirect Styles Credibility Feedback B. Gender & Listening

III. Styles of Effective Listening Participatory and Passive Passive listening – listening that is attentive and supportive but occurs without talking and without directing the speaker in any nonverbal way. Also used negatively to refer to inattentive an uninvolved listening.

B. Empathic and Objective Empathic listening – listening that warrants that you feel and see what speaker feels and sees. Objective Listening- the ability to gather information beyond what you see and hear.

Non-judgmental listening-and listening with an open mind. Critical listening- listening to evaluate the quality, value, appropriateness and importance of what you hear.

STYLES,CONT’D PEOPLE ORIENTED ACTION ORIENTED THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC SEEK COMMON GROUND ACTION ORIENTED INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED EVIDENCE

CONTENT ORIENTED TIME ORIENTED PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION DETAILS MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES TIME ORIENTED SUCCINCT MESSAGES BRIEF

IV. Active Listening = is a skill that produces therapeutic effects

Empathic Listening + Paraphrasing Active Listening

A. Purposes of Active Listening 1. Increases Accuracy 2. Validation of Others Feelings

3. Prompts the Speaker to Explore Their Own Thoughts & Feelings B. Techniques 1. Paraphrase Speaker’s Meaning

2. Express Understanding of Speaker’s Feelings 3. Ask Questions

FIRST SPEECH ASSIGNMENT Introduction Speech Time Limit: 2-3 min Notes Allowed: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card Outline: None Visual Aids: Optional Sources: Yourself Express yourself! Who are you? What are your likes and dislikes? You have two minutes to introduce yourself to the class. What are the important details of your life that you would like to share?

Types Speeches Informative Speech Persuasive Provides the audience with new information, insight, ways of thinking about a topic Persuasive Intended to influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, or acts of others

Ceremonial Speeches Introduction- speech designed to pave the way for the main speaker 2-3min Presentation- Speech that present an award, a prize or a gift to an individual or a group 3-5 min Acceptance- a response to a presentation 1-2 min

Tribute- speech that praises someone’s accomplishments 4-6 min Welcoming- speech that expresses pleasure for the presence of a person or an organization 2-3 min Tribute- speech that praises someone’s accomplishments 4-6 min Roasts & Toasts Eulogies Speeches of Inspiration Commencement address- a speech presented by a major political, business, or a social figure, or a prominent alumnus, during graduation ceremonies

Keynote address- a speech presented near the beginning of an organization’s conference or convention that is designed to inspire participants in their work Commemorative address- speeches that are presented to celebrate national holidays or anniversaries of important dates and events

Special Occasion Speech Assignment Choose any type of special occasion speech that you would like to present Time 2-3 minutes Outline: Required Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card Visuals: 1 required

Speaking with Confidence

FEAR HUMILIATION NOT BEING PREPARED ONE’S LOOKS PRESSURE TO PERFORM PERSONAL INSECURITY AUDIENCE’S INTEREST LACK OF EXPERIENCE MAKING MISTAKES FAILURE

Nervous- a state of fear or anxiety about public speaking interaction Cognitive nervousness- thinking about how nervous you are likely to be Behavioral nervousness- physically displaying characteristics of nervousness

YOU ARE GOING TO FEEL MORE NERVOUS THAN YOU LOOK ALMOST EVERY SPEAKER EXPERIENCE SOME DEGREE OF NERVOUSNESS ANXIETY CAN BE USEFUL

BUILD YOUR CONFIDENCE DO NOT PROCRASTINATE KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE APPROPRIATE TOPIC BE PREPARED BE WELL ORGANIZED KNOW YOUR INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION RE-CREATE THE ENVIRONMENT

USE DEEP BREATHING TECNIQUES CHANNEL YOUR NERVOUS ENERGY VISULAIZE SUCCESS GIVE YOURSELF A MENTAL PEP TALK FOCUS ON YOUR MESSAGE RATHER THAN YOUR FEAR LOOK FOR A POSITIVE LISTENER SEEK SPEAKING OPPORTUNITIES AFTER THE SPEECH FOCUS ON YOUR ACCOMPLISHMENT

YOUR FIRST SPEECH Speech goal- what you want your listeners to know, believe, or do General goal- the type of speech you are intending to give- informing, or persuading

Specific goal- a complete sentence that specifies the exact response the speaker wants from the audience Speech material- the factual, humorous, exciting, or interesting information that you have gathered to present in your speech

Chronological organization- following an order that moves from first to last Topical organization- following the order of headings Adaptation- relating a speech to the audience interests and needs Visual Aids- they help clarify, emphasize, or dramatize the verbal information

Language- ideas communicated through verbal and nonverbal means Delivery- how you effectively use your voice and gestures while giving a speech

Effective speech plan Determine a goal Gather information Organize information Develop a strategy Create visual aids Practice wording Practice delivery