1. Chapter 7 Types of Speeches

2. Informative Speaking Communicates knowledge Communicates knowledge Provides new information Provides new information Provides new insights Provides new insights Provides new ways of thinking Provides new ways of thinking

3. Categories of Informative Speeches Defining the subject at hand. Defining the subject at hand. Demonstrating a strategy (“How to…”) Demonstrating a strategy (“How to…”) Describing a concept Describing a concept Explaining information Explaining information

4. Structuring Your Speech Preview Main Points Preview Main Points Use Clear Transitions Use Clear Transitions Use Visualization Use Visualization Reinforce Your Message Through Repetition Reinforce Your Message Through Repetition

5. Check for Understanding “Audience feedback becomes especially important when explaining new information. Be alert to nonverbal signals, such as blank stares, that indicate a lack of focus, and invite questions accordingly” (p. 164). “Audience feedback becomes especially important when explaining new information. Be alert to nonverbal signals, such as blank stares, that indicate a lack of focus, and invite questions accordingly” (p. 164).

6. Persuasive Speaking Influences: attitudes, beliefs, values, and actions of others. Influences: attitudes, beliefs, values, and actions of others. Persuade audience toward speaker’s stance. Persuade audience toward speaker’s stance. For a response (Exp: donation). For a response (Exp: donation). GOAL-Find out what motivates the audience GOAL-Find out what motivates the audience

7. Checklist Balance Reason and Emotion Balance Reason and Emotion Stress Your Credibility Stress Your Credibility Target Listener’s Needs Target Listener’s Needs Encourage Mental Engagement Encourage Mental Engagement Construct Sound Arguments Construct Sound Arguments Identify the Nature of your Argument Identify the Nature of your Argument

8. Checklist Use Convincing Evidence Use Convincing Evidence Address Culture Address Culture Avoid Fallacies in Reasoning Avoid Fallacies in Reasoning Strengthen Your Case with the Organization Strengthen Your Case with the Organization Adjust the Speech to the Audience Adjust the Speech to the Audience

9. Self-Evaluation Logos- persuasive appeals to reason and logic. Logos- persuasive appeals to reason and logic. Pathos- persuasive appeal to the emotion. Pathos- persuasive appeal to the emotion. Ethos- audience listen to and trust speakers if they exhibit competence (as demonstrated by the speakers grasp of the subject matter) and good moral character. Ethos- audience listen to and trust speakers if they exhibit competence (as demonstrated by the speakers grasp of the subject matter) and good moral character.

10. Building Credibility (Displaying your Ethos) Reveal your personal and moral standards early in the speech. Reveal your personal and moral standards early in the speech. For speeches that involve a lot of facts and analysis, stress your expertise on the topic. For speeches that involve a lot of facts and analysis, stress your expertise on the topic. For speeches on matters of a more personal nature, emphasize commonality with the audience. For speeches on matters of a more personal nature, emphasize commonality with the audience. Display high regard for the speech occasion, even if it is outside your primary areas of interest. Display high regard for the speech occasion, even if it is outside your primary areas of interest.

11. Addressing Culture Core Values Core Values Cultural Norms Cultural Norms Cultural Premises Cultural Premises Emotions Emotions

12. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Step 1-Attention Step 1-Attention Step 2-Need Step 2-Need Step 3-Satisfaction Step 3-Satisfaction Step 4-Visualization Step 4-Visualization Step 5-Action Step 5-Action

13. Adjust to the Audience Are they likely to be receptive to your information? Are they likely to be receptive to your information?

14. Special Occasion Speaking Prepared for a purpose Prepared for a purpose Dictated by the occasion Dictated by the occasion Can be informative or persuasive (but not the underlying goal). Can be informative or persuasive (but not the underlying goal). Can be found: Can be found: –Entertain –Celebrate –Commend –Inspire –Or Set Social Agenda

15. Introduction “Warm-up” the audience for the main speaker. “Warm-up” the audience for the main speaker. Heighten audience awareness/excitement Heighten audience awareness/excitement Will include: Will include: –Speaker’s qualifications/background –Preview the topic –Ask the audience to welcome the speaker –Be brief!

16. Acceptance Used when receiving an award. Used when receiving an award. Speaker should: Speaker should: –Prepare in advance –Express what the award means to you –Express gratitude

17. Presentation Communicate the meaning of the awarded. Communicate the meaning of the awarded. Tell the audience why the person is receiving it. Tell the audience why the person is receiving it. Speaker Should: Speaker Should: –Convey meaning of the award. –Explain why the recipient deserves it. –Plan the presentation of the award.

18. Roasts and Toasts Roast- humorous tribute that pokes fun at the recipient. Roast- humorous tribute that pokes fun at the recipient. Toast- brief tribute to a person or event being celebrated. Toast- brief tribute to a person or event being celebrated. Speaker Should: Speaker Should: –Prepare –Highlight remarkable traits of the person being honored –Be positive –Be brief

19. Eulogies and Other Tributes Given usually by close friends or family members of the deceased, are charged with celebrating and commemorating the life of someone while consoling those who have been left behind. Given usually by close friends or family members of the deceased, are charged with celebrating and commemorating the life of someone while consoling those who have been left behind. Speaker Should: Speaker Should: –Balance delivery and emotion –Refer to the family of the deceased –Be positive but realistic

20. After Dinner Speeches Usually happens at a professional dinner meeting. Usually happens at a professional dinner meeting. Typically light-hearted and entertaining. Typically light-hearted and entertaining. Gives listener insight to the topic at hand. Gives listener insight to the topic at hand. Speaker Should: Speaker Should:  Recognize the occasion  Keep remarks sufficiently low-key to accompany the digestion of the meal.

21. Speech of Inspiration Motivates listeners to positively consider, reflect on, and sometimes act on the speaker’s words. Motivates listeners to positively consider, reflect on, and sometimes act on the speaker’s words. Touch deep feelings in the audience. Touch deep feelings in the audience. Speaker Should: Speaker Should: –Appeal to the audience’s emotions –Use real-life stories –Be dynamic –Make your goal clear –Consider a distinctive organization device –Close with a dramatic ending

22. Chapter 7 Types of Speeches