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On the Eve of the Revolution What was the social structure of the old regime? Why did France face economic troubles in 1789? Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General? Why did a Paris crowd storm the Bastille? 1 Copy the following into your notebooks and leave space for the answers.

Causes of the French Revolution Civil Unrest: Bad harvest – crop failures High prices (bread) – nearly doubles High taxes Questions raised by the philosophers Social Unrest The Old Regime – social and political system of France Estates – the social classes of the Old Regime

First Estate- Catholic clergy 10% of land, pay few taxes Bourgeoisie Middle Class Well educated - Enlightenment Few have $ Pay high taxes City Workers Poorest group Paid low wages; no work often hung ry Peasants 80% of population Pay ½ of income out Pay taxes on necessities Resent nobles & clergy Second Estate – Rich nobles 2% of population; 20% of the land

American Revolution provided inspiration to the Third Estate

Louis XVI Extravagant lifestyle “Madame Deficit” “Let them eat cake” Doubles nation’s debt Banks refuse to lend more money Poor decisions Indecisive Little patience Wants to tax the Second Estate Calls Estates-General into session

The National Assembly Estates General Each social group has one vote Third Estate wants a votes based on delegates per person; King says NO Third Estate sets up National Assembly – to make new reforms Tennis Court Oath

The National Assembly passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man a document that limited the French monarchy and declared all citizens equal before the law

Storming the Bastille

Review Which class made up 98 percent of the population of France in 1789? a) the First Estate b) the Second Estate c) the Third Estate d) the First and Second estates combined Which of the following was not a cause of France’s economic troubles? a) deficit spending b) bad harvests c) overspending by Louis XIV d) increased wages for peasant workers

Review Which class made up 98 percent of the population of France in 1789? a) the First Estate b) the Second Estate c) the Third Estate d) the First and Second estates combined Which of the following was not a cause of France’s economic troubles? a) deficit spending b) bad harvests c) overspending by Louis XIV d) increased wages for peasant workers

National Assembly grows… Noblemen motivated by fear help the National Assembly take away the privileges of the First & Second Estates. Seize church land to pay debt. Peasants oppose

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” Liberty Property Security Resistance to oppression Equal justice Freedom of Speech Freedom of Religion

Divisions Develop 1791 National Assembly finishes a new constitution Creates a limited Constitutional Monarchy Takes away kings authority Legislative Assembly created to pass laws Problems with food and debt remain

The Assembly Hall Divides… Radicals Left Radical Change Moderates Middle A few changes Conservatives Right Very few changes

Emigres Sans-culottes Nobles who had fled France Want to restore the Old Regime “those w/o knee britches” Parisian workers and shop keepers

Jacobins Jean-Paul Marat “death to all those who support the king” Louis XVI is tried as a common citizen and prisoner Convicted for treason and was sentenced to death

Louis XVI’s Death

Dr. Joseph Guillotin Efficient Humane Democratic Some spectators complained that it was too quick.

Terror in France Committee for Public Safety 40,000 die 85% lower or middle class Enemies are tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon.

End of Terror National Convention turns on Robespierre Shift away from radical ways of thinking New Constitution 2 House legislature Five man directory Napoleon Bonaparte commander of army