1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Ch. 23 Section 2
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

2. The Assembly Reforms France
The Rights of Man
National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens
Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!”

3. A State-Controlled Church
National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials
This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics

4. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
August 26, 1789
Liberty!
Property!
Resistance to oppression!
Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

5. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Posed New Dilemmas
Did women have equal rights with men?
What about free blacks in the colonies?
How could slavery be justified if all men were born free?
Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?

6. Louis Tries to Escape
Louis, worried about his future, attempts to leave France
Revolutionaries catch the royal family near the Austrian Netherlands border
Forced to return back to Paris

7. Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
The French Monarchy:
Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

8. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

9. The Royal Family Attempts to Flee

10. Divisions Develop A Limited Monarchy
In September, 1791 Assembly finishes new constitution
Stripped king of much of his authority
Created Legislative Assembly
New body created to pass laws
Had ability to approve/reject declarations of war

11. Factions Split France
Major problems including debt, food shortages remain
Assembly split
Radicals-(left)
Opposed monarchy
Wanted sweeping changes in government
Moderates-(center)
Wanted some changes in government
Conservatives-(right)
Limited monarchy
Few changes in government

12. Émigrés-nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power
San-culottes - lower class who want more change from the Revolution

13. War and Execution Problems with other countries
Austrians and Prussians want Louis in charge of France; France declares war (Legislative Assembly)

14. France at War – summer of 1792
Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris
Parisian mob jails royal family, kills guards
Mob breaks into prisons, killing over 1,000, many of whom support the king
Pressured by the mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king, then dissolves, new legislative body forms
National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

15. Jacobins Take Control
Radical political organization behind the 1792 governmental changes
After a close vote, Louis XVI found guilty of treason and beheaded by guillotine

16. The Jacobins
Jacobin Meeting House
They held their meetings in the library of a former Jacobin monastery in Paris.
Started as a debating society.
Membership mostly middle class.
Created a vast network of clubs.

18. Guillotine Facts Total weight of a guillotine is about 1278 lbs.
The guillotine metal blade weighs about 88.2 lbs.
The height of guillotine posts average about 14 feet
The falling blade has a rate of speed of about 21 feet/second
Just the actual beheading takes 2/100 of a second
The time for the guillotine blade to fall down to where it stops takes 70th of a second

19. 19

20. The War Continues
French army wins great victory against Prussians and Austrians
In 1793, Britain, Spain, and Holland join forces against France
National Convention forces draft of 300,000 to reinforce army

21. The Terror Grips France
Divided Country
Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution

22. Robespierre Assumes Control
Maximilien Robespierre – Jacobin leader rules France for a year
Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator

23. Reign of Terror – Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents
Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette
85% of those killed are middle or lower class

24. Different Social Classes Executed7% 8%
28%
25%
31%

25. End of the Terror Another Change in Government
In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed
Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radical beliefs
Moderate leaders write new constitution
Two-house legislature and five-man Directory restore order
New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies

26. “Triumph of the Third Estate”