Geography Basics Chapter One

Pre Test Fill out the 50 states without help from your neighbor. Fill out the 50 states without help from your neighbor.

Bellringer Why is Geography important to you? Why is Geography important to you? Do you think it is relevant? Do you think it is relevant?

Atlas Take a look at the various atlas’ in Take a look at the various atlas’ in the front of the book. Maps: Read-a-Map.htm Read-a-Map.htmhttp://video.about.com/geography/How-to- Read-a-Map.htm

Geography Basics Defined as: The study of Earth and Defined as: The study of Earth and its people its people This is studied in “themes” This is studied in “themes” – Five in total

Place Refers to where things are and Refers to where things are and what makes it distinctive what makes it distinctive

Location Refers to the position of a place This can be broken into two kinds: 1.Absolute: Exact spot on Earth you are 2.Relative: An approximate area

Human Environment Interaction Studies the natural surroundings Studies the natural surroundings and its affects and its affects

Movement Why goods, ideas, and Why goods, ideas, and people move from place to place people move from place to place

Regions Refers to the areas of the world Refers to the areas of the world that have common things like people, resources, population, food, etc people, resources, population, food, etc

Take 5 Share one example of each theme with a partner Share one example of each theme with a partner Be ready to share your answers with the class Be ready to share your answers with the class

Five Themes Game Be the first group to identify the word as the correct theme and win! Be the first group to identify the word as the correct theme and win! I will say each word. When you know the answer raise your hand. I will say each word. When you know the answer raise your hand.

Time Time is broken into blocks: Time is broken into blocks: Year: 365 days Year: 365 days Decade: 10 yrs Decade: 10 yrs Century: 100 yrs Century: 100 yrs Millenium: 1000 yrs Millenium: 1000 yrs

GPS and GIS GPS: Global Positioning System – uses radio signals to determine an exact location GPS: Global Positioning System – uses radio signals to determine an exact location GIS: Global Information System – gathers, stores, and analyzes geographical information GIS: Global Information System – gathers, stores, and analyzes geographical information

Map Projections Page 23 in your book: Page 23 in your book: Goodes Interrupted Knuckle Map Goodes Interrupted Knuckle Map Robinsons Projection – Flat top and bottom Robinsons Projection – Flat top and bottom Mercator Projection – Flat Map Mercator Projection – Flat Map Winkel Triple Projection – Short Circle Map Winkel Triple Projection – Short Circle Map

Types of Maps Physical: Shows landforms and water features Physical: Shows landforms and water features Political: Names and boundaries of countries Political: Names and boundaries of countries Historical: Show events over time Historical: Show events over time Contour: Has lines for change in elevation Contour: Has lines for change in elevation Vegetation: Shows types of plants in a region Vegetation: Shows types of plants in a region

Latitude Imaginary Circles that run East to West around the globe Imaginary Circles that run East to West around the globe AKA – parallels AKA – parallels The Equator is the center line The Equator is the center line The letter N or S that follows the degree of latitude tells you if it is N or S of the equator The letter N or S that follows the degree of latitude tells you if it is N or S of the equator Example 60 N, 35 S Example 60 N, 35 S

Longitude Run from the S. Pole to the N. Pole Run from the S. Pole to the N. Pole Known as Meridians Known as Meridians The Prime Meridian is ) degrees longitude and runs through Greenwich, England The Prime Meridian is ) degrees longitude and runs through Greenwich, England The Letter E or W follows if it is East or West of the Prime Meridian The Letter E or W follows if it is East or West of the Prime Meridian

Lines of the World Equator: The center parallel of the earth Equator: The center parallel of the earth Tropic of Cancer: The most Northern point the suns is centered on the earth: Summer solstice is that date: June 21st Tropic of Cancer: The most Northern point the suns is centered on the earth: Summer solstice is that date: June 21st Tropic of Capricorn: The most Southern point the suns is centered on the earth: Winter solstice is that date: Dec. 21 st Tropic of Capricorn: The most Southern point the suns is centered on the earth: Winter solstice is that date: Dec. 21 st

Both the tropic of cancer and Capricorn are at 23.5 ° The Circles are at 66.5 °

Hemispheres There are four hemispheres in the world There are four hemispheres in the world

International Date Line Is the 180 degree mark of longitude Is the 180 degree mark of longitude It is half way around the world from the It is half way around the world from the Prime Meridian Finding Location: To mark a spot on the earth you use both the latitude and longitude Example: Tokyo, Japan is 36 N 140 E

Map Drawing Using all the information about the Earth we have learned so far lets draw them out on a map and see where they are. Using all the information about the Earth we have learned so far lets draw them out on a map and see where they are.

Where am I? Follow the instructions on the sheet provided for Longitude and Latitude lines Follow the instructions on the sheet provided for Longitude and Latitude lines

Continents There are seven continents in the world: There are seven continents in the world: – Africa – Antarctica – Asia – Australia – Europe – North America – South America

Africa

Antarctica

Australia

Europe

Asia

South America

North America

US Time Zones

Reading Time Zones zs zs zs zs See Time Zone Activity See Time Zone Activity – 24 hrs a day = 24 time zones – 360 degrees/24 = 15 – Therefore every 15 degrees is a new time zone! – Lets practice

Major Oceans of the World Pacific: The largest Pacific: The largest Atlantic: Between Europe and N. America Atlantic: Between Europe and N. America Indian: Below India to Australia Indian: Below India to Australia Southern: North of Antarctica Southern: North of Antarctica Arctic: The Smallest Arctic: The Smallest

Climate and Weather ging/climatescienceinfozone/exploringearthscli mate/1point1.aspx ging/climatescienceinfozone/exploringearthscli mate/1point1.aspx ging/climatescienceinfozone/exploringearthscli mate/1point1.aspx ging/climatescienceinfozone/exploringearthscli mate/1point1.aspx

Wind Wind is caused by air pressure colliding with each other Wind is caused by air pressure colliding with each other When high and low pressure hit each other wind is felt here on earth When high and low pressure hit each other wind is felt here on earth

Weather Made from differences in air pressure Made from differences in air pressure Air pressure is made from air molecules. Air pressure is made from air molecules. – High Pressure: More weight – Low Pressure: Less weight On high pressure days there are less clouds because the weight keeps them from forming On high pressure days there are less clouds because the weight keeps them from forming

Precipitation Rain, Snow, Hail, and Sleet are all precipitation Rain, Snow, Hail, and Sleet are all precipitation They are formed in clouds They are formed in clouds When dust particles meet water vapor in a cloud they are to big for the cloud to hold and they fall When dust particles meet water vapor in a cloud they are to big for the cloud to hold and they fall Snow: Frozen particles Snow: Frozen particles Sleet: Freeze on the way down to Earth Sleet: Freeze on the way down to Earth Hail: Rain droplets wont fall and keep freezing to each other then drop Hail: Rain droplets wont fall and keep freezing to each other then drop

Tornados Caused by colliding winds and an unstable atmosphere Caused by colliding winds and an unstable atmosphere In the Great Plains dry air from the Rockies and Moist from the Gulf of Mexico collide In the Great Plains dry air from the Rockies and Moist from the Gulf of Mexico collide

Hurricanes Also called Typhoons or Cyclones. Only Atlantic storms are Hurricanes Also called Typhoons or Cyclones. Only Atlantic storms are Hurricanes If it is above the equator they spin counterclockwise, opposite for Southern storms If it is above the equator they spin counterclockwise, opposite for Southern storms Moist air rises leaving low air at the surface. This rises and spins and its feeds itself. Moist air rises leaving low air at the surface. This rises and spins and its feeds itself. More moist hot air means more storms and bigger storms More moist hot air means more storms and bigger storms

Hurricanes

Test Tomorrow Be prepared on all material since the beginning of school Be prepared on all material since the beginning of school – Five themes – Weather – Fill in the Blank – Matching – Multiple Choice – Short Answer – 100 Points