The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter An overview of Anatomy and Physiology

Bellwork 1.In your own words define – Anatomy – Physiology 2.Which body system are you most interested in and why? 2

The Human Body ▪ Vocabulary Anatomy: The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology: The study of how the body and its parts work or function 3 Metabolism: All chemical reactions in the body Homeostasis: Systems maintain a relative constant or balanced internal environment

The Human Body – Pick a structure on your body, describe it’s anatomy(structure) & physiology(function) – Example: ARM ( don’t use arm) ▪ Anatomy: made of muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels ▪ Physiology: Used to throw, swing a bat, climb 4

Levels of Organization ▪ Vocabulary Chemical Level:Atoms which join as molecules Common Elements: H, O, N, Ca, Na, K Cellular Level: Atoms and molecules form functional units Smallest living units in the body 5

Levels of Organization ▪ Vocabulary Tissue Level: Groups of cells that work together to perform a function 4 Types of tissues: Organ Level: Tissues join together to form a structure, with a recognizable shape and has specific functions Epithelial, nervous, connective, muscular 6 Examples: Stomach, heart, brain, liver, lungs

Levels of Organization  Organ Level In your notebook or your notetaker pick an organ, draw and color it, and then write 2 sentences on the function of that organ. 7

Levels of Organization ▪ Vocabulary System Level: Organs and tissues that have a common purpose and function for the body There are 11 principal systems in the human body 8 Organism Level:Largest level of organization Chemicals—Cells—Tissues—Organs—Systems—Organism

Levels of Organization (Systems) ▪ Integumentary System (Skin) Regulates body temperature Protection Receives stimuli Organs: Skin, Hair, Nails 9

Levels of Organization ▪ Skeletal System Protects and supports body organs Stores minerals Provides muscle attachment for movement Organs: Bones, Cartilage, Joints 10

Levels of Organization ▪ Muscular System Brings about body movements Maintains posture Produces body heat Organs Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth muscle 11

Levels of Organization ▪ Nervous System Regulates body activities through nerve impulses Organs: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory Organs 12

Levels of Organization ▪ Endocrine System Regulates body activities through hormones Organs: Gland (thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, etc.) 13

Levels of Organization ▪ Cardiovascular System Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body Removes carbon dioxide from the body cells Organs: Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart 14

Levels of Organization ▪ Lymphatic System Involved in immunity Filters blood Organs: Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils 15

Levels of Organization ▪ Respiratory System Supplies oxygen, removes carbon dioxide and regulates acid-base balance Organs: Lungs, Alveoli, Conducting Passageways 16

Levels of Organization ▪ Digestive System Break down of food Allows for nutrient absorption into the blood Eliminates indigestible material Organs: Mouth, stomach, intestines, esophagus 17

Levels of Organization ▪ Urinary System Produces and stores urine Maintains electrolyte balance Regulates water volume Organs: Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra 18

Levels of Organization ▪ Reproductive System Production of sperm or oocytes Production of offspring Organs: Testes, ovaries, penis, vagina 19

Levels of Organization ▪ Review I’m gonna put you in groups of 4, using the slates you’ll answer the following questions Pay attention, you might see these questions again(hint, hint) 20

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 1.________ Tissues join together to form a body structure 21

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 2.________ Systems maintain a relative constant or balanced internal environment 22

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 3.________ Includes oxygen, carbon, calcium, etc. in simplest form 23

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 4.________ The largest level of organization 24

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 5.________ The study of how the body and its parts work or function 25

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 6.________ Made of organs and tissues that have a common function and result 26

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 7.________ All chemical reactions in the body 27

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 8.________ Basic structure and function units, the smallest living units in the body 28

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 9.________ Includes muscle, bone and nerve, epithelial, and connective; makes up organs and other parts 29

Levels of Organization A: ChemicalB: Cellular C: Tissue D: Organ E: System F: Organismal G: Anatomy H: PhysiologyI: HomeostasisJ: Metabolism 10.________ The science of the structure and shape of the body and its parts 30