PLEASE DO THIS!! Take off your left shoe and place it on my desk in the front

Chapter 18: Classification

Classification –is the method of logically grouping organisms based on some common characteristics Taxonomy –does the actually grouping into the groups called TAXON (s – TAXA) with some kind of biological significance. –EX: Things that fly, swim, walk, have feathers, etc.

How many different terms can you think of for trying to tell someone something is really good? WRITE ‘EM DOWN!

PROCESS BOX Take a look at the master list on the board. Why might this cause problems for someone who is not from this region? Who is not a native English speaker? Give an example. WRITE AT LEAST 3 LINES

There is a need for a common term to describe an individual organism so that all people understand when the term is used. Carolus Linnaeus came up with the system of Binomial Nomenclature.

Carolus Linnaeus He assigned two Latin names to each different species of organisms. This is their Scientific name. Homo sapiens (human) Homo sapiens Ursus maritimus (polar bear) Ursus maritimus Alba rubrum (red oak) Ursus arctos (grizzly bear)

ORGANISM Felis domesticus Canis familiaris Haliaeetus leucocephalus Danaus plexippus English CatDogEagleButterfly Spanish GatoPerroÁguilaMariposa French ChatChienneL'aiglePapillion German KatzeHundAdlerSchmetterling Picture

How to write the name Genus name first –Always CAPITALIZED Species name second –Never capitalized Can either be… –Italicized –Underlined

Latin Names Scientific names will always be in Latin. Latin is a dead language that will not evolve unlike other languages. Little chance of change through time. Universally understood in the science community

The Taxonomic order: From the biggest group to the smallest group or taxa Taxa Human Cat Dog Kingdom Animalia AnimaliaAnimalia PhylumChordataChordataChordata ClassMammaliaMammaliaMammalia OrderPrimateCarnivoraCarnivora FamilyHominoidaeFelidae Canidae GenusHomoFelisCanis speciessapienscatuslupus Which two organisms are more closely related and why?

PROCESS BOX Look at the list of organism names on the board. Describe why Latin is better for scientific names. WRITE AT LEAST 2 LINES!

DICHOTOMOUS KEY 1A: If orange, go to……………………………………….. 2 1B: If not orange, go to ………………………………….. 4 2A: Has wings, it is ……………………………………….. Charizard 2B: Does not have wings, go to …………………………. 3 3A: Teeth showing, it is …………………………………... Charmander 3B: Teeth not showing, it is ……………………………… Charmeleon 4A: Shell present, go to …………………………………… 5 4B: Shell absent, go to ……………………………………. 7 5A: Ears present, go to …………………………………… 6 5B: No ears, it is ……………………………………….… Squirtle 6A: Guns on back, it is ……………………………………. Blastoise 6B: No guns on back, it is ……………………………….. Wartortle 7A: Flower on back, go to ………………………………… 8 7B: No flower on back, it is ……………………………….. Bulbasaur 8A: Rounded eye shape, it is …………………………… Venusaur 8B: Triangular eye shape, it is …………………………. Ivysaur

Venusaur Squirtle Charizard Charmander Charmeleon Blastoise Wartortle Bulbasaur Ivysaur

The Taxonomic order: DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

Modern methods of classification rely on evolutionary relationships in place of homologous structures.

Kingdoms and Domains 1700’s – Plants and Animals only –Is this right? 1800’s – Protists, Plants and Animals –Is this right? 1950’s – 5 Kingdom system, including Fungus and Monera –Are we close now? Now – 6 Kingdoms divided into 3 Domains –This has to be it, yes?

Domain Bacteria 1.Characteristics of the Domain –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Kingdom: Eubacteria true bacteria The “normal” bacteria you think of

Domain Archaea 1.Characteristics of the Domain –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Kingdom: Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria Live in areas with no oxygen, super hot temperatures, and high amounts of salt/acid

Domain Eukarya 1.Characteristics of the Domain –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Broken into 4 kingdoms Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Domain Eukarya 1.Kingdom Protista –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Examples: amoeba, paramecium, volvox

Domain Eukarya 1.Kingdom Fungi –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Examples: mushrooms, yeast, mold

Domain Eukarya 1.Kingdom Plantae –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Examples: mosses, conifers, flowers

Domain Eukarya 1.Kingdom Animalia –Unicellular, multicellular, or both? –Prokaryotic or eukaryotic? –Autotroph, heterotroph, or both? IF heterotroph, absorptive or ingestive? –Cell walls? IF so, material? _______________________ –Examples: sponges, insects, cats, humans

Review Questions 1.Two prokaryotic kingdoms? 2.Kingdom that lacks cell walls? 3.Domain that includes us? 4.Kingdom that includes us? 5.Protista examples? 6.Fungi Cell Wall material? 7.Only kingdom in domain Bacteria?

Review Questions 1.Only domain for kingdom Archaebacteria? 2.Kingdom(s) that can be unicellular or multicellular 3.Eukaryotic kingdoms 4.Eukaryotic domain 5.Multicellular autotrophs 6.Kingdom: Includes amoeba 7.Domain: Includes E. coli

Review Questions 1.“Reject” kindgom 2.Two kingdoms that are heterotrophic 3.Domain: Includes sponges, insects, fish 4.Kingdom that includes methanogens and halophiles 5.Prokaryotic kingdom that has cell walls NOT made of peptidoglycan