EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR

Regional issues create differences- Sectionalism NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs )NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs ) Economies differed:Economies differed: Northeast – Industrial RevolutionNortheast – Industrial Revolution –Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so embraced new forms of manufacturing

THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY 1.Agrarian Society 2. “Cotton Is King!”  1860 – 57% of US exports (5 million Bales exported per year) Cotton becomes king of the south which expanded slavery – increased from 700,000 (1790) to 1.5 million in 1820 (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton gin was invented.

ELI WHITNEY He revolutionized cotton and slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton production increased=demand for labor)He revolutionized cotton and slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the cotton production increased=demand for labor) Whitney – interchangeable parts which paved the way for mass production= market economyWhitney – interchangeable parts which paved the way for mass production= market economy –Who else used mass production?

1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery.1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. (By this time their was an even number of free and slave states.)1819 – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. (By this time their was an even number of free and slave states.) Slavery became a national issueSlavery became a national issue Congress was deadlocked.Congress was deadlocked. Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the Union as a free state.Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the Union as a free state. Missouri Compromise – Missouri enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted.Missouri Compromise – Missouri enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted. THIS PLEASED NO ONE!THIS PLEASED NO ONE!

MAP ACTIVITY

I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk]... If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep.I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk]... If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep. —John Quincy Adams, 1820—John Quincy Adams, 1820

Age of Jackson

Election of 1824 First election that is decided in the House of Representatives!First election that is decided in the House of Representatives! John Quincy Adams of MassachusettsJohn Quincy Adams of Massachusetts Andrew Jackson of TennesseeAndrew Jackson of Tennessee William Crawford of GeorgiaWilliam Crawford of Georgia Henry Clay of KentuckyHenry Clay of Kentucky

All 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political partiesAll 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political parties Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote.Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote. The Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winnerThe Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winner

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams William Crawford – suffers a stroke - outWilliam Crawford – suffers a stroke - out Henry Clay – lowest votes – outHenry Clay – lowest votes – out Henry Clay (who also ran for President) was the Speaker of the House and was able to manipulate the choice. He despised Andrew Jackson…. So ADAMS WINS!

Several days later Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of State.Several days later Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of State. Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made between Clay and Adams (never proven) Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was made between Clay and Adams (never proven)

The only President to become a member of the House of Representatives after being President. (slept a lot!) John Quincy Adams Despite corruption charges the system continues…

ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON 1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams 1828 – Jackson beat Adams1828 – Jackson beat Adams –Jackson –champion of common people –Gave many jobs to friends Spoils systemSpoils system

Indian removal Act Congress and Jackson passed this law which forced Native Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move1830- Congress and Jackson passed this law which forced Native Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move 1832 –Cherokee took it to court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide by it.1832 –Cherokee took it to court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide by it.

Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“ Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were!Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were! The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.

TRAIL OF TEARS 1838 Cherokee were rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile journey on foot.1838 Cherokee were rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile journey on foot. More than ¼ of their people died.More than ¼ of their people died.