Introduction of Food Biotechnology Wang Yanping

AIST in Japan

BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY What Is Biotechnology? outlook in biotechnology? Subjects Involved With Biotechnology? Stages of Biotechnology Development? Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? What Is Biotechnology? outlook in biotechnology? Subjects Involved With Biotechnology? Stages of Biotechnology Development? Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?

What Is Biotechnology? The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animals Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animals Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms

What Is Biotechnology? Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

What Is Biotechnology? GMO- genetically modified organisms. GEO- genetically enhanced organisms. With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered. Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breeding GMO- genetically modified organisms. GEO- genetically enhanced organisms. With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered. Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breeding

What Is Biotechnology? Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either –Transferring them to another organism –Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either –Transferring them to another organism –Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations

What is the career outlook in biotechnology? Biotech in 1998 –1,300 companies in the US –2/3 have less than 135 employees –140,000 jobs Jobs will continue to increase exponentially Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhD ’ s Biotech in 1998 –1,300 companies in the US –2/3 have less than 135 employees –140,000 jobs Jobs will continue to increase exponentially Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhD ’ s

What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology? Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome Science –Life sciences –Physical sciences –Social sciences Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome Science –Life sciences –Physical sciences –Social sciences

What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology? Mathematics Applied sciences –Computer applications –Engineering –Agriculture Mathematics Applied sciences –Computer applications –Engineering –Agriculture

What Are the Stages of Biotechnology Development Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering

What Are the Areas of Biotechnology? Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals –Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals –Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Anton van Leeuwenhoek Discovered cells –Bacteria –Protists –Red blood Anton van Leeuwenhoek Discovered cells –Bacteria –Protists –Red blood

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Gregor Johan Mendel Discovered genetics Gregor Johan Mendel Discovered genetics

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Walter Sutton Discovered Chromosomes Walter Sutton Discovered Chromosomes

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Thomas Hunt Morgan Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes Thomas Hunt Morgan Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Ernst Ruska Invented the electron microscope Ernst Ruska Invented the electron microscope

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered penicillin

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Rosalind Elsie Franklin Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA Rosalind Elsie Franklin Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? James Watson and Francis Crick Discovered DNA James Watson and Francis Crick Discovered DNA

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Mary-Claire King Mapped human genes for research of cancer treatments Mary-Claire King Mapped human genes for research of cancer treatments

What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Ian Wilmut Created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly Nobel Prize Ian Wilmut Created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly Nobel Prize

What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology? Medicine –Human –Veterinary –Biopharming Environment Agriculture Food products Industry and manufacturing Medicine –Human –Veterinary –Biopharming Environment Agriculture Food products Industry and manufacturing

Medical Advances 12.

Biotechnology Breakthroughs Insulin (1982) –First commercial biotech product –Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin Insulin (1982) –First commercial biotech product –Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin.

An Enhanced Environment

Environmental Benefits Reduced pesticide use Lower energy requirements Cleaner water Less soil erosion Reduced pesticide use Lower energy requirements Cleaner water Less soil erosion

Progress In Agriculture

Achievements of dedicated researchers Farmers adopting improved farming practices Achievements of dedicated researchers Farmers adopting improved farming practices

Progress In Agriculture Potatoes with higher solid content Garlic that lowers cholesterol Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of cancer and heart disease Rice –Enriched with beta-carotene and iron Bananas –Containing edible hepatitis vaccine Potatoes with higher solid content Garlic that lowers cholesterol Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of cancer and heart disease Rice –Enriched with beta-carotene and iron Bananas –Containing edible hepatitis vaccine

Hybridization Fermentation Pasteurization Hybridization Fermentation Pasteurization What Has Research Given Us?

Traditional Cross-Breeding

Biotechnology: Tapping Nature’s Bounty

The American Society for Microbiology “…plant varieties created with biotechnology are grown more efficiently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.”

Improved Food Products

Benefits Through Biotechnology Longer shelf life Better taste Enhanced nutritional value Longer shelf life Better taste Enhanced nutritional value

Biotechnology Breakthroughs Higher protein peanuts Longer shelf life for bananas and pineapples Sweeter bell peppers Tastier tomatoes Lower fat vegetable oils Higher protein peanuts Longer shelf life for bananas and pineapples Sweeter bell peppers Tastier tomatoes Lower fat vegetable oils

Biotechnology Breakthroughs New food enzyme used during cheese making process –Chymosin (1990) –First biotechnology food product approved in the United States New food enzyme used during cheese making process –Chymosin (1990) –First biotechnology food product approved in the United States

Norman Borlaug, Ph.D. Professor, Texas A&M University Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970 “I believe the world will be able to produce the food needed to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025…but it cannot be attained without permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.” 24.

Michael Jacobson Executive Director Center for Science in the Public Interest “While biotechnology is not a panacea ( 万能药） for every nutritional and agricultural problem, it is a powerful tool to increase food production, protect the environment, improve the healthfulness of foods, and produce valuable pharmaceuticals. It should not be rejected…” 25.

Consumer Food Safety Concerns #1 Spoiled food #2 Improper food handling #3 Pesticides #4 Artificial ingredients #5 Biotechnology #1 Spoiled food #2 Improper food handling #3 Pesticides #4 Artificial ingredients #5 Biotechnology 19.

Biotechnology Provides Improved food products Medical advances An enhanced environment Improved food products Medical advances An enhanced environment

本研究室主要研究内容 益生菌的研究与应用 – 功能性乳酸菌的研究 耐氧双歧杆菌的分离鉴定 特殊乳酸菌的筛选 --Kefir 芽孢乳酸菌的分离与鉴定 功能性产品的研发 – 发酵剂的研究与开发 – 发酵乳制品的研究 – 乳酸菌的分子生物学研究 益生菌的研究与应用 – 功能性乳酸菌的研究 耐氧双歧杆菌的分离鉴定 特殊乳酸菌的筛选 --Kefir 芽孢乳酸菌的分离与鉴定 功能性产品的研发 – 发酵剂的研究与开发 – 发酵乳制品的研究 – 乳酸菌的分子生物学研究

本研究室主要研究内容 微生物多糖的研究 –Kefir 多糖 生物活性肽的研究 –CPP – 抗诱变肽 – 食品风味肽的研究 酶制剂 –Β －内酰胺酶抑制剂的研究 – 固定化酶的研究与应用 – 生物酶在环保中的应用 微生物多糖的研究 –Kefir 多糖 生物活性肽的研究 –CPP – 抗诱变肽 – 食品风味肽的研究 酶制剂 –Β －内酰胺酶抑制剂的研究 – 固定化酶的研究与应用 – 生物酶在环保中的应用

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