1. Introduction to Biotechnology
Biotechnology I

2. Essential Question What is Biotechnology ?
What does the field of Biotechnology encompass?
What lead to the Biotechnology revolution?
What type of careers are in Biotechnology?

3. Definition
Biotechnology- The study and manipulation of living things for the purpose of making products that benefit society

4. Domains of Biotechnology
Four major domains
Agricultural Biotechnology
Diagnostic Research Biotechnology
Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
Medical/Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

5. Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
Fermented foods and beverages
Genetically engineered proteins for industry
Environmental cleanup
Biosensors, bioterrorism, biodefense

6. Ex: Oil Spill Cleanup
Bacteria genetically engineered to efficiently break down oil left by oil spills
Completion of Treatment

7. Medical/Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Medicines from plants, animals, fungi
Vaccine and gene therapy
Prosthetics-artificial or engineered organs and tissues
Synthetic skin

8. Ex. Creation of New Vaccines
Production of a recombinant vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV)r
Virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer
Given to young adults
Boys up to age 21
Girls up to age 26

9. Agricultural Biotechnology
Breeding of livestock and plant crops
Creation of plants and animals with novel traits through genetic engineering
Production of plant fibers-biofuels, textiles (e.g. cotton)
Pharmaceuticals produced in genetically engineered plants

10. Ex. Improve Food Nutrition
Genetically engineered rice to produce b-carotene, precursor to vitamin A
High b-carotene content gives rice golden color
Vitamin A deficiency often observed in developing countries
Symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness
Growth retardation of children

11. Diagnostic Research Biotechnology
Genetic testing and screening for diseases
DNA identification and DNA fingerprinting, forensics
Nanotechnology

12. Ex. Genetic Testing
Genetic Testing involves examining your DNA for changes that could cause disease
Tests done on collected blood or other tissues

13. Ex. Genetic Testing Used for
Identifying genetic diseases in developing fetuses
Screening newborns for genetic diseases
Screening embryos produced by in vitro fertilization before implantation
Testing adults for genetic diseases before symptoms arise

14. Biotechnology Not a New Industry
Evidence of Biotechnology is observed as early as 2000 BCE
Industry revolutionized with the discovery of DNA structure
Allowed the development of molecular tools that have advanced the science
Examples
Creation of recombinant DNA
DNA sequencing
Synthesizing DNA in a test tube

15. Biotechnology Timeline
2000 B.C.E.
Biotechnology used to leaven bread
and ferment beer, using yeast (Egypt)
Production of cheese, fermentation of wine begins (Sumeria, China, Egypt).

16. Biotechnology Timeline
1797
First vaccination
Edward Jenner takes pus from a cowpox lesion,
inserts it into an incision on a boy's arm.
Protects him against smallpox

17. Biotechnology Timeline
1928
Sir Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic penicillin by chance when he realizes that penicillium mold kills bacteria.

18. Biotechnology Timeline
1953
James Watson and Francis Crick describe the double helical structure of DNA.

19. Biotechnology Timeline
1966 The genetic code for DNA is cracked.
Marshall Nirenberg Robert Holley Har Gobind Khorana

20. Biotechnology Timeline
1973
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer perfect genetic engineering techniques to cut and paste DNA using restriction enzymes for making recombinant DNA
1977- first time human genes expressed in bacteria
Stanley Cohen Herbert Boyer and a recombinant bacterium

21. Biotechnology Timeline
2006
A recombinant vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) receives FDA approval.

22. Summary
Lots of opportunities in Biotechnology in many different domains