1. Biotechnology Unlocking the secrets of life

2. What is Biotechnology? Definition:
The use of living organisms to make or improve a product
Bio (life)
technology (the application of knowledge for practical use

3. Where did it begin? Ancient bread baking Wine brewing Cheese making
Yogurt fermentation
Animal and plant breeding

4. Biotechnology Today
Focuses on how to change microorganisms, plants and animals
Scientist isolated and made changes to DNA in the early 1970’s
DNA carries the “Blueprint”
Genes are units of DNA

5. Techniques Gene Mapping Tissue Culture Biofermentation Biotechnology
Cloning
Gene Transfer

6. Genetic Engineering
Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology
Removes gene(s) from one organism and either:
Transfers them to another
Puts them back in the original with a different combination
Transgenic

7. Techniques Genetic Mapping Tissue Culture Biofermentation Cloning
Locating specific genes within heredity material
Tissue Culture
Modified cells can grow into whole plants
Biofermentation
Mass production of modified microorganisms
Cloning
Reproducing genetically identical animals

8. Biotechnology in Agriculture (Plants)
Crops
Built in insect and herbicide resistance
Built in tolerance to environmental conditions
Improved color and quality
Pharmaceuticals
Plants that produce edible vaccines
Food
Improved taste and nutrition
Improved handling qualities

9. Biotechnology in Agriculture (Plants)
Industrial
plants that produce plastics, fuels, and other products
plants for environmental cleanup
Other
pesticides made from naturally-occurring microorganisms and insects

10. Biotechnology in Agriculture (Animals)
Breeding
Disease tolerance
Exact copies of desired stock
Increased yields
Health
Microorganisms introduced into feed for beneficial purposes
Diagnostics for disease and pregnancy detection
Animals engineered to to produce organs suitable for transplantation into humans

11. Biotechnology in Agriculture (Animals)
Food
Increased milk production
leaner meat in pork
growth hormones in farm-raised fish that result in earlier market-ready fish
Pharmaceuticals
Animals engineered to produce human proteins for drugs, including insulin and vaccines

12. Assignment
Develop a timeline of events outlining advances in the field of biotechnology. You may use the World Wide Web in the Career Center to search for these events.
Your timeline should have at lease five events.
The search engine is a good start.

13. History of Biotechnology
1860’s-Botanist Gregor Mendel recognizes heredity information is stored in units (now called genes)
1870’s-chromosomes are discovered
1953-DNA Double Helix is discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick (England)

14. History of Biotechnology
1968-a process was developed for identifying chromosomes (Switzerland)
1973-First successful combining of DNA from unrelated organisms (recombinant DNA) (USA)
1978-First test tube baby (Louise Brown) was born in England

15. History of Biotechnology
1984-Sheep and goat embryo cells are fused together to create a sheep-goat
1986-Light-producing gene of firefly is transferred to tobacco creating tobacco plants with glowing leaves
1987-calf cloned from an embryo

16. History of Biotechnology
1991-sheep created that makes drug in milk to treat cystic fibrosis
1994-first transgenic food approved (Flvr Savr) tomato
1996-goat injected with a human gene produces an anticancer drug
1997-Adult sheep cloned (“Dolly”)

17. Industry
In 1998 there were 1,300 biotechnology companies in the Unites States
small start up companies
one product or service
large multinational corporations
combine research and production

18. Industry In 1997 the overall biotechnology sales increases 20%
13 billion dollar industry
Over 93 billion dollars invested

19. Careers In 1998 biotechnology included about 140,000 jobs
Jobs for high school graduates to PhD’s
Provides over 17,000 jobs in North Carolina
$850 million dollar payroll

20. Career Examples Laboratory work Experimental Farms Field jobs
working on gene maps
growing plants from cells
working with animal embryos
Experimental Farms
Field jobs
Industry jobs
manufacturing
regulatory affairs (FDA, USDA)
sales

21. Education High School Courses Post-secondary Basic Biology Agriculture
Biotechnology
Post-secondary
Biology
Microbiology
Genetics
Biochemistry

22. Education North Carolina has an online biotechnology center
Information on NC Biotechnology
Educational Opportunities
News
Hot Topics

23. Assignment Research two different careers related to biotechnology
Find information regarding:
Salary
Education
Job Description
Job Demand
Write a one paragraph summary for each career
Keep the summaries in your notes