Chapter 3 Grammar VERBS

What Do I Need to Learn From this Lesson? How endings are used with verbs in Latin How endings are used with verbs in Latin How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1 st, 2 nd, or 3 rd person. Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1 st, 2 nd, or 3 rd person. Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English) Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English)

What Do You Know - Endings in Latin What do you know about endings in Latin? What do you know about endings in Latin? What are they used for? What are they used for? What types of things do they tell us? What types of things do they tell us?

Which Person are We Talking About? 1 st person – the person speaking (I, we) 1 st person – the person speaking (I, we) 2 nd person – the person spoken to (you, you) (or in ‘southern speak’, the plural of you is y’all) 2 nd person – the person spoken to (you, you) (or in ‘southern speak’, the plural of you is y’all) 3 rd person – the person or thing spoken about 3 rd person – the person or thing spoken about singular – he, she or it plural - they singular – he, she or it plural - they

Verbs What are the 2 things that verbs show us? What are the 2 things that verbs show us? Puellae bonae laborant. Terra est dura. How do we define the predicate? How do we define the predicate? The verb can be the entire predicate or there can be other parts included, such as a direct object. The verb can be the entire predicate or there can be other parts included, such as a direct object. Verbs also tell us the time (or tense) something is done. Right now, we are learning the present tense. Verbs also tell us the time (or tense) something is done. Right now, we are learning the present tense.

Finding the STEM of the verb 4 principal parts of a verb 4 principal parts of a verb Amo, amāre, amāvi, amātus Amo, amāre, amāvi, amātus 1 st principal part is = 1 st person singular, present tense 1 st principal part is = 1 st person singular, present tense 2 nd principal part = infinitive 2 nd principal part = infinitive Remove the –re from the end of the infinitive to get the stem of the verb. Amā is the stem of the verb which means love or like. Remove the –re from the end of the infinitive to get the stem of the verb. Amā is the stem of the verb which means love or like.

Latin – Endings Used to Show Person SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL I - ō we -mus you -s you -tis he, she, it -t they -nt *Adding all of these endings to a verb is called conjugating the verb.

How to Conjugate the Verb that Means ‘Love’ or ‘Like’ Endings are added to the ‘stem’ of the verb SINGULAR PLURAL amō amamus amas amatis amat amant *Read Latin words straight down the left column, then the right one!

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL I like amō we like amamus you like amas you like amatis he,she, or itlikes amat they like amant

EXAMPLES Puellae insulam amant. Puellae insulam amant. Familiam amamus. Familiam amamus. Agricola puellam portat. Agricola puellam portat. Laboro. Laboro. Silvam spectatis. Silvam spectatis.

How Do We Find the ‘Stem’ of the Verb Look at the verbs in Lesson III Look at the verbs in Lesson III What is the first word? What does it tell us? (Look at Verb Personal Endings Chart) What is the first word? What does it tell us? (Look at Verb Personal Endings Chart) What is the 2 nd ‘form’ of the word? This is the infinitive form of the verb. What is the 2 nd ‘form’ of the word? This is the infinitive form of the verb. We use the 2 nd word in the book to get the stem to which we add endings (except 1 st person singular). To get the stem, drop the –re ending from the 2 nd form of the verb. Add the endings to that stem to get the chart shown in the previous slide. We use the 2 nd word in the book to get the stem to which we add endings (except 1 st person singular). To get the stem, drop the –re ending from the 2 nd form of the verb. Add the endings to that stem to get the chart shown in the previous slide.

Things to Think About…. Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-Verb Agreement Puellae bonae laborant. Puella bona laborat. Puellae bonae laborant. Puella bona laborat. Use of pronouns – English vs Latin Use of pronouns – English vs Latin Tell an English ‘story’ – subject named 1 time Tell an English ‘story’ – subject named 1 time Latin-same thing but where do you find pronouns? Latin-same thing but where do you find pronouns? Subject not always ‘named’. Subject not always ‘named’. Carefully read sentence – look for subject where? Carefully read sentence – look for subject where? Equum spectamus. Puellae equum spectant. Equum spectamus. Puellae equum spectant.

Did I Learn This From Today’s Lesson? How endings are used with verbs in Latin How endings are used with verbs in Latin How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English) Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English)

Your Language Notebook Complete the vocabulary section and summarize the grammar section, including any charts! Complete the vocabulary section and summarize the grammar section, including any charts! Be sure you bring your notebook and any classwork (or homework if not finished in class) to class every day. There will be a notebook check sometime soon! Be sure you bring your notebook and any classwork (or homework if not finished in class) to class every day. There will be a notebook check sometime soon!

Ticket Out the Door How do I know which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing something by paying attention to the personal endings on Latin verbs? Give examples! How do I know which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing something by paying attention to the personal endings on Latin verbs? Give examples!