Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self-actualization Theory

 Human nature is basically good, not evil  Normal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness

Self-Actualization

 Psychopathology results from the frustration of a human being’s essential nature

 Self-Actualization  Esteem  Love  Safety  Physiological

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITH SURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS Food Food Water Water Air Air Sleep Sleep Shelter Shelter

Food: A Most Powerful Need South American Rugby team crashed in 1970 Food was the most pressing problem. They ate human flesh for survival. Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.

 Ik tribe in Uganda forced to give up hunting and live on unfertile land  long standing social mores dissolve - people became psychopathic  “ngag”, word for food, also becomes word for good  parents steal food from children, children from other children

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUAL CANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVEL UNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE SATISFIED

 from physical attack  from emotional attack  from fatal disease  from invasion  from extreme losses (job, family members, home, friends) Safety Needs

 when frightened, our thoughts and energies are diverted  threat of, or actual attack creates “fight or flight” reaction  threats to safety can be physical or emotional

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

 Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs  Affection - love and be loved  Control - influence over others and self Love and Belonging (social/emotional)

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS ESTEEM NEEDS

 respect from others through: awards honors status  respect for self through: mastery achievement competence Esteem Needs emotional (ego)

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDFOR MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION IS ACTUALIZATION IS A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIME MOTIVATION

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDFOR MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION IS ACTUALIZATION IS A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIME MOTIVATION SELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS ACTUALIZING ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE IS CAPABLE OF BECOMING

 stop cruelty and exploitation  encourage talent in others  try to be a good human being  do work one considers worthwhile  enjoy taking on responsibilities  prefer intrinsic satisfaction  seek truth  give unselfish love  be just Self-Actualization Needs

 Truth  Goodness  Beauty  Unity  Aliveness  Uniqueness  Perfection and Necessity  Completion  Justice and order  Simplicity  Richness  Effortlessness  Playfulness  Self-sufficiency  Meaningfulness

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS ESTEEM NEEDS SELF- ACTUALIZATION NEED