Chemistry Chapter 3 Notes #1

States of Matter Be able to describe solid, liquid, and gases in terms of shape, volume, and particle arrangement! Be able to describe solid, liquid, and gases in terms of shape, volume, and particle arrangement!GasLiquidSolidParticle Far apart Close together Packed together Shape No definite definite Volume definitedefinite CompressYes A Little NO

Matter All samples of matter are composed of atoms… All samples of matter are composed of atoms… The smallest particles possessing the properties of an element The smallest particles possessing the properties of an element Fundamental chemical substances from which all other substances are made Fundamental chemical substances from which all other substances are made

Physical Properties Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition Examples: color, odor, taste, density, melting point, boiling point, etc. Examples: color, odor, taste, density, melting point, boiling point, etc. Extensive Physical Properties – depends on how much of a sample you have (ex. Mass) Extensive Physical Properties – depends on how much of a sample you have (ex. Mass) Intensive – doesn’t matter how much of a sample you have (ex. m.p., b.p., density) Intensive – doesn’t matter how much of a sample you have (ex. m.p., b.p., density)

Chemical Properties Characteristics that describe how a substance interacts, or fails to interact, with other substances to form new substances Characteristics that describe how a substance interacts, or fails to interact, with other substances to form new substances For example hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode given the right conditions. For example hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode given the right conditions.

Physical Change A change in which the composition and chemical properties of a substance are not changed A change in which the composition and chemical properties of a substance are not changed Ex. Grinding, Breaking, melting, boiling Ex. Grinding, Breaking, melting, boiling ALL changes of state are physical changes!!!!!! ALL changes of state are physical changes!!!!!!

Chemical Changes Change in the composition and properties of a substance, or substances, as the result of a chemical reaction. Change in the composition and properties of a substance, or substances, as the result of a chemical reaction. Ex. Souring of Milk Ex. Souring of Milk Ex. Rusting of iron Ex. Rusting of iron Ex. Change in color Ex. Change in color Burning./Combustion Burning./Combustion

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass is not created nor destroyed Mass is not created nor destroyed Mass reactants = mass products Mass reactants = mass products Example Example Water breaks down into Hydrogen and Oxygen Water breaks down into Hydrogen and Oxygen 2H 2 O = 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O = 2H 2 + O 2 36g = 4 g + 32 g 36g = 4 g + 32 g The End The End