Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Transformation of the West,

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Flash Cards RenaissanceRenaissance perspectiveperspective 17

Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Flash Cards CopernicusCopernicus John LockeJohn Locke 17

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Begins 14th, 15th centuries –In northern Italy Italy –Urbanized –Merchant class –Political rivalry

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Literature –used Italian –secular topics Painting –Use of perspective –Shadow, distance –Focus on humans

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Italian Renaissance Michelango Buonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Nicolo Machiavelli Humanism –Looking back to classical past –Study of texts, especially ancient

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Renaissance Moves Northward By 1500, impetus moves north Northern Renaissance –France, Low Countries, England, Germany –Art  Bruegel  Holbein

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Northern Renaissance Hans Holbein artist to Henry VIII

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Northern Renaissance Literature –William Shakespeare –Miguel de Cervantes  Don Quixote

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Renaissance Tech advances: –printing press

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations 1517, Martin Luther's challenge –Attacked church –Aided by printing press –Bible the only authority  Vernacular translations Protestant protest used for political gain –German opposition to the papacy –Rulers seized church lands

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations Henry VIII –Established Anglican church Jean Calvin –Calvinism  Predestination

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Protestant and Catholic Reformations Catholic Reformation –Renewal –Jesuits  Missionaries  Education

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of Christian Unity in the West Religious Wars –France  Calvinists v. Catholics  1598, Edict of Nantes Promises Protestants’ toleration –30 Years War ( )  Devastating to Germany  Netherlands independent Literacy increased

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Europe Under Absolute Monarchy, 1715

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert European Population Density, c.1600

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Commercial Revolution Impacted World Economy: –Gold, silver from New World –Inflation, 16 th century –Demand outstrips supply

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Social Protest Proletariat develops Attitudes towards poor change Protests Witchcraft hysteria

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change Did Copernicus Copy? Nicolai Copernicus –Polish monk –Knowledge of al-Urdi?  Earlier Arab scientists

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority New instruments added to data collection Galileo Galilei –Used Copernicus' work Kepler’s observations confirmed earlier work William Harvey –Circulatory system

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority Methods –Francis Bacon  Empirical research –René Descartes  Skepticism –Isaac Newton  System of natural laws  Principia Mathematicae

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Science: The New Authority Deism –God does not intervene with nature John Locke –Use of reason –Life, liberty, property

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political Change Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies –17th century, medieval balance disrupted –France dominated  Centralized monarchy  Bureaucracy  “Absolute monarchy"  Louis XIV the best example Nobles kept at court

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political Change Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies –Other absolute monarchs  Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary, Russia  Territorial expansion –England  Different  Civil War Parliament triumphant

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Nation-State Definition Common language & culture –National literature, songs, foods Territorial aspect Common allegiance

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The West by 1750 Political Patterns –Great change in central Europe –Frederick the Great of Prussia  Religious freedom  State regulated economy  Overseas commercial networks

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The West by 1750 Political Patterns –Continual warfare  France v. Britain Rivalry over overseas territory  Prussia v. Austria Territorial conflicts

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Scientific Revolution led to Enlightenment –Scientific methods applied to other fields General principles –People are good –Reason the answer –Belief in progress

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture Political science –Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations  Laissez-faire economics Criminology Society –Women's rights –Protection of children –Inequities attacked

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing Mass consumerism Agriculture –Nitrogen-fixing crops –Stockbreeding –Swamp drainage –Potatoes, etc. introduced Domestic system –Households produced finished goods –“Cottage industries”

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Europe and the World Proto-globalization European “superiority” took shape –The “noble savage”