1. The Renaissance Rediscovering the past and creating a productive present.

2. The Renaissance The Middle Ages were so focused on salvation and the afterlife, that they began to view life as something to suffer through to get to heaven. The Middle Ages were so focused on salvation and the afterlife, that they began to view life as something to suffer through to get to heaven. Leaders of the Renaissance were common people, not monarchs or religious officials. Leaders of the Renaissance were common people, not monarchs or religious officials.

3. The Renaissance Humanism Celebrate achievements in scholarly, artistic and political realms. Individualism- Humans should be themselves, and think for themselves. Ambition, fame, curiosity and adventure. Skepticism- experiment, try new things, shake up the system. Well-Roundedness- the ideal person had interest in many things; educated, witty, charming, & artistic Secular- belief in the importance of life on earth. Making money, traveling, and making your life comfortable. Classicism- look to classic Greece and Rome; people were secular, individualistic, humanistic, and questioning.

4. The Renaissance Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Leonardo da Vinci, and Donatello depicted humans as realistically as possible. (lineal perspective, 3 dimensional) Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Leonardo da Vinci, and Donatello depicted humans as realistically as possible. (lineal perspective, 3 dimensional) The Catholic church commissioned paintings and built huge domes and cathedrals The Catholic church commissioned paintings and built huge domes and cathedrals Gutenberg printing press caused the book industry to flourish Gutenberg printing press caused the book industry to flourish Machiavelli (the Prince) Machiavelli (the Prince) Sir Thomas More (Utopia) Sir Thomas More (Utopia) William Shakespeare (encapsulated the time period) William Shakespeare (encapsulated the time period)

5. The Renaissance The Renaissance invoked changes in popular mentality. The Renaissance invoked changes in popular mentality. The Northern Renaissance attacked the authority of the church and allowed the state to control the church, increased interest in pomp and ceremony, and produced greater interest in military conquest and exploration. The Northern Renaissance attacked the authority of the church and allowed the state to control the church, increased interest in pomp and ceremony, and produced greater interest in military conquest and exploration.

6. Protestant Reformation

7. The Reformation During the Middle Ages the Church was in charge of all things worldly and otherworldly. During the Middle Ages the Church was in charge of all things worldly and otherworldly. The church began selling indulgences to reduce time in purgatory The church began selling indulgences to reduce time in purgatory

8. The Reformation Martin Luther Martin Luther 1517 nailed a list of 95 problems with Church practices 1517 nailed a list of 95 problems with Church practices Translated the bible into German Translated the bible into German The people go directly to God for salvation The people go directly to God for salvation Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Excommunicated by Pope Leo X John Calvin John Calvin Predestination, most people are damned Predestination, most people are damned Only the elect will be saved Only the elect will be saved Henry VIII Henry VIII Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon Renounced Rome, created the Church of England Renounced Rome, created the Church of England Married 5 more wives before having a son who died young Married 5 more wives before having a son who died young

9. The Reformation The Counter Reformation Banned sale of indulgences Banned sale of indulgences Trained priests to live the Catholic life Trained priests to live the Catholic life Weekly mass was an obligation Weekly mass was an obligation Supreme authority of the pope Supreme authority of the pope Jesuit order created to restore faith and teachings of Jesus (self-control and moderation) Jesuit order created to restore faith and teachings of Jesus (self-control and moderation)

10. The Reformation The Reformation included a concept of shared authority; thus Protestant regions were less likely to develop absolute monarchies and tended to form parliamentary governments. The Reformation included a concept of shared authority; thus Protestant regions were less likely to develop absolute monarchies and tended to form parliamentary governments. The success of the Reformation allowed Protestant rulers to seize control of possessions of the Catholic church. The success of the Reformation allowed Protestant rulers to seize control of possessions of the Catholic church.

11. The Enlightenment The role of mankind in relation to government

12. The Enlightenment Monarchs ruled with absolute authority and divine right “The king is from God and the laws from the King.” Monarchs ruled with absolute authority and divine right “The king is from God and the laws from the King.” Time of rapid scientific development, exploration, and challenges to church and state authorities. Time of rapid scientific development, exploration, and challenges to church and state authorities.

13. The Enlightenment The Social Contract: Power to the People Thomas Hobbs Thomas Hobbs People were by nature evil People were by nature evil An absolute monarch should rule An absolute monarch should rule Monarch must be benevolent and just Monarch must be benevolent and just Social Contract- People give up rights and personal freedoms in exchange for protection from ruler. Social Contract- People give up rights and personal freedoms in exchange for protection from ruler. John Lock John Lock People were born free with certain inalienable rights People were born free with certain inalienable rights Government by consent of the governed Government by consent of the governed Social Contract- The government should be limited and uphold people’s natural rights, and if did not, people could overthrow it Social Contract- The government should be limited and uphold people’s natural rights, and if did not, people could overthrow it

14. The Enlightenment Voltaire Voltaire Advocate of freedom of speech Advocate of freedom of speech “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau Majority Rule Majority Rule Through the social contract and abandoning claims of natural right, individuals can both preserve themselves and remain free Through the social contract and abandoning claims of natural right, individuals can both preserve themselves and remain free Enlightened Monarchs (Austria & Prussia) Enlightened Monarchs (Austria & Prussia)

15. The Enlightenment The Enlightenment implied the ability of the state to intervene to benefit all citizens; it contributed the concept of progress and improvement. The Enlightenment implied the ability of the state to intervene to benefit all citizens; it contributed the concept of progress and improvement. It led to the development of more centralized nation-states It led to the development of more centralized nation-states Some developed democratic monarchs supported by parliaments (Lock), and others with absolute monarchs (Hobbs) Some developed democratic monarchs supported by parliaments (Lock), and others with absolute monarchs (Hobbs)

16. How did the Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment have an impact on the political organization of Europe?

17. Political Impact in Europe All of the movements invoked changes in popular mentality that affected political organization. The Renaissance attacked the authority of the church and produced greater interest in military conquest and exploration. The Renaissance attacked the authority of the church and produced greater interest in military conquest and exploration. The Reformation Protestant regions tended to form parliamentary governments. The Reformation Protestant regions tended to form parliamentary governments. The Enlightenment encouraged the development of more centralized governments. The Enlightenment encouraged the development of more centralized governments.