The Cold War and Postwar Era World History Chapter 20 C. Simmons

Confrontation of the Superpowers US v. Soviet Union US v. Soviet Union Communism v. Capitalism Communism v. Capitalism US policy of containment – prevent spread of communism US policy of containment – prevent spread of communism Truman Doctrine – US aid to countries who are threatened by communism Truman Doctrine – US aid to countries who are threatened by communism Marshall Plan – restore prosperity and stability of Europe Marshall Plan – restore prosperity and stability of Europe Conflict in Berlin – Berlin Wall and Berlin Air Lift Conflict in Berlin – Berlin Wall and Berlin Air Lift

Spread of Cold War Arms Race b/t US and Soviets, fear of nuclear war Arms Race b/t US and Soviets, fear of nuclear war Launching of Sputnik I by Soviets, US behind in technology Launching of Sputnik I by Soviets, US behind in technology Red China – communist China Red China – communist China NATO – formed for security purposes NATO – formed for security purposes Nikita Khrushchev takes over in USSR Nikita Khrushchev takes over in USSR

The Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro takes control in Cuba (communism) Fidel Castro takes control in Cuba (communism) Bay of Pigs – secret attempt to overthrow Castro with Cuban exiles Bay of Pigs – secret attempt to overthrow Castro with Cuban exiles Soviets send missiles to Cuba Soviets send missiles to Cuba Stand off b/t Kennedy and Khrushcev Stand off b/t Kennedy and Khrushcev World very close to nuclear war World very close to nuclear war

Vietnam and the Domino Theory Lyndon B Johnson sends troops to S Vietnam to support idea of containment Lyndon B Johnson sends troops to S Vietnam to support idea of containment Domino Theory – If one country falls to communism others will follow Domino Theory – If one country falls to communism others will follow Anti-war movements – students protested draft and theory behind war (Kent State U) Anti-war movements – students protested draft and theory behind war (Kent State U) President Nixon elected on campaign of ending war – easier said than done President Nixon elected on campaign of ending war – easier said than done

Discussion What was the Domino Theory? Was it correct? What was the Domino Theory? Was it correct? How did Cuban missile Crisis affect the world? How did Cuban missile Crisis affect the world? Why did USSR and US despise each other so much? Why did USSR and US despise each other so much?

Reign of Stalin and Khrushchev Soviet Union destroyed after the war Soviet Union destroyed after the war Stalin focused on industrial production Stalin focused on industrial production Heavy industry – 40% more than prewar levels, damaged Soviet people Heavy industry – 40% more than prewar levels, damaged Soviet people Increased repression of Soviet society Increased repression of Soviet society Nikita Khrushchev – takes power after Stalin’s death Nikita Khrushchev – takes power after Stalin’s death Improved Soviet society, focusing on military Improved Soviet society, focusing on military

The Iron Curtain Communism controlled Eastern Europe Communism controlled Eastern Europe Satellite countries followed soviet policy (forced compliance) Satellite countries followed soviet policy (forced compliance) Winston Churchill coined “The Iron Curtain” Winston Churchill coined “The Iron Curtain” Formation of bloc countries – following each others lead Formation of bloc countries – following each others lead

Discussion Why did the growth in industry hurt the Soviet people? Why did the growth in industry hurt the Soviet people? Why did satellite countries rebel against soviet control? Why did satellite countries rebel against soviet control?

Western Europe: Recovery Quick recovery from WWII damages Quick recovery from WWII damages Almost full employment during the 1950s Almost full employment during the 1950s Britain moved toward welfare state – government responsibility to provide services to citizens Britain moved toward welfare state – government responsibility to provide services to citizens France grows very quickly – weapons and automobiles France grows very quickly – weapons and automobiles

US in the 1950s Rise of consumer culture – advertising, real wages rose Rise of consumer culture – advertising, real wages rose Baby Boom – increase in birth rate Baby Boom – increase in birth rate Rise of teen-age culture, rebellion and rock ‘n’ roll Rise of teen-age culture, rebellion and rock ‘n’ roll The Red Scare – fear of communist infiltration in government The Red Scare – fear of communist infiltration in government McCarthyism – Joseph McCarthy and witch hunts in investigations McCarthyism – Joseph McCarthy and witch hunts in investigations

US in the 1960s John F Kennedy elected in 1960 assassinated in 1963 John F Kennedy elected in 1960 assassinated in 1963 Lyndon B Johnson took over Lyndon B Johnson took over Vietnam War – supported the idea of containment and the Domino Theory - countries would fall to communism one after one Vietnam War – supported the idea of containment and the Domino Theory - countries would fall to communism one after one Anti-war protests, mostly college students (Kent State University) Anti-war protests, mostly college students (Kent State University) Civil Rights Movement – Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Rights Movement – Martin Luther King, Jr. Brown v. Board of Education - desegregation Brown v. Board of Education - desegregation

The New Society New Technologies in Postwar period – TV, Computers, jets, pace of life New Technologies in Postwar period – TV, Computers, jets, pace of life Rise of white-collar jobs, rise in secondary schools Rise of white-collar jobs, rise in secondary schools Consumer culture – buying of goods to make life easier Consumer culture – buying of goods to make life easier Women increasingly made gains for equality Women increasingly made gains for equality