BYZANTINE & MUSLIM EMPIRES Chapter 10

The Byzantine Empire  OBJECTIVES:  Discover how Constantinople became so powerful  Discover the achievements of the age of Justinian

Byzantine Empire (Constantine)  Greek Fire  Why Constantinople was located where it was (trade center)  Constantine's capital  Good Emperors account for some of the success  Medieval times (period of time following the fall of the western half of the Roman empire, 476 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.)

Age of Justinian  As Rome fell, Constantinople got stronger  In a line of many great rulers, Justinian was one of the greatest  Born poor, it gave him the ability to listen to all people  Justinian’s code

Byzantine Culture  Kept copies of all ancient Greek and Roman works, mixed with Christian ideas it made Constantinople a very knowledge rich area  When the empire declined the documents were taken to Italy and helped start the renaissance

The later Years of the Empire  The Great Schism (split)  Second Golden age  The fall (Attacks from the North “Russians” the West “Christian Crusaders” and the East “Turks and Muslims”)  Constantinople fell and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Check For Understanding  Pg 289  1 A/B  2 A/B  3 A/B

Start of Islam  The Prophet Muhammad  Messenger to the people  Started in the Arabian Peninsula  Taught to worship 1 God (Poly or Mono?)  After Muhammad’s death the religion spread

Arabian Peninsula  Life Support  Bedouins (nomadic desert people)  Became guides for Caravans

MECCA  Was an important trading post turned city  People travelled from the Mecca to other places

Muhammad  Travelling Merchant trader  Went to the mountains to pray alone  At age 40 God spoke to him through an angel  Followers of Muhammad became known as Muslims  Muslims religion or a person who “submits” became known as Islam  People go to the Mecca to pray to Kaaba

Hijra  Hijra mean “the migration”  The city of Yathrib changed to Medina “city of the prophet”  Became year 1 on the Muslin calendar

Muslim Beliefs  Muezzin (myoo ez in)  Pray 5 times a day to Allah  Mosque  There is only one God  They kneel and face toward the Mecca

The 5 Pillars of Islam

The Quran  Islamic Bible  Lists Muhammad’s conversations with God  Includes stories, promises, warnings, and instructions  The respect Jews and Christians as “people of the book”

Role of Women  Before Islam  Quran Taught:  Women are spiritually equal  Women could own or inherit property  Women could be educated  Women would not be forced to marry  Women could divorce

Muslim Split  The Muslim leader Uthman was assassinated and a debate over who would lead ensued  2 new groups  Shiites- felt the new leader should be a direct descendent of Muhammad  Sunnis- any truly religious man who followed Muhammad could be the leader (85% of Muslims are Sunnis)