Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
What is Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter – the stuff things are made of – and the changes that matter undergoes. Japanese symbol means, “change study”
Some things in Chemistry are used practically everyday Some things in Chemistry are theoretical now, but may become practical tomorrow
There are 5 major areas of study: Organic – the study of essentially all substances containing carbon Inorganic – specializes on substances that do not contain carbon Analytical – is concerned with the composition of substances
Studies continued… Physical – is concerned with theories and experiments that describe the behavior of chemicals Biochemistry – the study of the chemistry of living organisms
Why study Chemistry? Chemistry is all around you. Clothing, home, work, school, nature
How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred? Change in color Production of a gas Emission of a light Change in heat/NRG – gets hot or cold Production of a precipitate (ppt)
Chemistry Far and Wide Use chemistry to our advantage – produce iron from iron ore, mixtures of brass and bronze, and polymers to plastics, paints, etc. NRG - Increasing demands means discovering new ways to provide NRG. Chemists are working on alternative fuel sources and developing NRG efficient cars, appliances, etc.
Areas where Chemistry is used Medicine and Biotechnology Drugs and cures Agriculture Food supply and safer pesticides The environment Identify pollutants, global warming
Areas continued… Astronomy and space exploration Analyze atmospheres on other planets; geologists learn what types of rocks make up other planets, etc.
Thinking Like a Scientist The Scientific Method A way of answering questions Table on page 16 – outlines the steps of the scientific method
Scientific Method Observation/Question – Research what you know Hypothesis – educated guess Experiment Collection of Data Conclusion Redo experiment
Scientific method continued… Scientific Law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. Natural law – brings together many observations to see the “big picture” Theory – a model – provides an explanation, can predict the outcome of future experiments.
How to Study Chemistry Understanding and applying concepts Learn the language of science Based on facts obtained from making observations and doing experiments
How to Study Chemistry continued… Use your textbook – it is an aid, to get the most out of your reading you should always take notes. Why? Because by taking notes you retain information better.
How to Study Chemistry continued… Discuss what you learned in class with your friends/get a study buddy. You might understand a concept that you didn’t before or help your friend to understand it better. So study, write and explain/talk, but not when others are talking.