1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Unit 1 ChemistryLangley

2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD  DEFINITION  Logical, systematic approach to problem solving  STEP 1  Identifying the problem  STEP 2  Creating a hypothesis  STEP 3  Test and Experiment  STEP 4  Analyze the data  STEP 5  Develop a conclusion  STEP 6  Communicate your findings

3. STEP 1: PROBLEM  Observations lead to questions  Questions lead to the identification of the problem

4. STEP 2: HYPOTHESIS  Proposed explanation for an observation  IS NOT a question  Educated guess  Must be a prediction  Must be testable  Can be ruled inaccurate or altered if its predictions are clearly and repeatedly proven false with experimental trials

5. STEP 3: EXPERIMENT  Organized procedure used to test a hypothesis  4 parts to an experiment  Constant  Control  Independent variable  Dependent variable

6. STEPS 4/5: ANALYZE/CONCLUDE  Look for patterns within the data  2 types of data: qualitative and quantitative  Presented in tables or graphs  3 types of graphs  Line graph  Bar graph  Pie Chart  Theorize why the observed pattern is so

7. STEP 6: COMMUNICATE  When scientists collaborate (work together) and communicate, they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

8. WHY STUDY CHEMISTRY  Chemistry comes from alchemy  Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes  Chemistry provides logical explanations for observations  Divided into 6 categories: analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, organic, physical, and theoretical

9. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY  Focuses on the composition of matter  Identifies compounds and components  “Measurable” Chemistry

10. BIOCHEMISTRY  Study of processes that take place in organisms  Understand the structure of matter found in the human body and the chemical changes that occur in cells

11. INORGANIC vs. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY  Inorganic  Study of all that does not include carbon  Organic  Study of chemicals/compounds that contain carbon

12. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY  Area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change  Study of properties and changes of matter and energy  Study of the interaction between two elements

13. THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY  Design and prediction of new compounds and new ideas  Pure Chemistry and Applied Chemistry  Pure: research on fundamental aspects of chemistry; knowledge for its own sake  Applied: research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

14. FACTS vs. CONCEPTS  Fact  An observation that has been confirmed repeatedly and is accepted as true  A piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred  Concept  An abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances  Idea, thought, notion  All facts can be concepts but all concepts need not be facts

15. THEORY vs. LAW  Theory is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations  Can be altered or changed at any point, all that is needed is new experimental data or new/different observations  Scientific Law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments  Tested many, many times and is always found to be true