1. Adv. Chemistry Chapter 1 Mrs. Baker
Matter and Change
Adv. Chemistry
Chapter 1
Mrs. Baker

2. What is chemistry? Chemistry is the study of matter.
text: “Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes”
Chemistry is really a lot more exciting than the text definition!!

3. General fields of study
Theoretical chemistry
Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind chemical behavior and to design and predict properties of new compounds
Organic chemistry
all substances containing carbon (from living things)
Inorganic chemistry
substances that don’t contain carbon (nonliving things)

4. Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry
concerned with finding the components and composition of substances
Physical chemistry
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Biochemistry
the study of living organisms

5. Within all of the fields there are two different goals of science.
Applied scientists work towards solving a problem. (AIDS research, etc..)
Basic scientists seek more information for the sake of knowledge itself.

6. Scientific Method A logical approach to solving problems by
observing and collecting data
Quantitative and qualitative observations
formulating hypotheses
If, then statement
testing hypotheses
Controlled experiment (constants and variables)
formulating theories that are supported by data

7. Usually the scientific method looks like this:
(Identify the problem)
Observations/Data Recording
Hypothesis
Controlled Experimentation (testing the hypothesis)
Results and Conclusions
Communication of results

8. All scientists use the scientific method to find answers.
Observations Hypotheses Experiments Theory Experiments
Observations Experiments Law

9. What’s the difference between theory and law?
Scientific theories are thoroughly tested explanations of why experiments give certain results.
Scientific laws are statements that summarize the results of a broad spectrum of observations and experiments.

10. How does this apply to me?
We will be performing inquiry (open ended) experiments in class.
You will have opportunities to design your own experiments.
It is a big component of the Oregon performance based benchmarks.

11. The scientific method in action…
Start with an observation.
“I’ve heard people say to take vitamin C to prevent a cold.”
State a problem or question.
“Can vitamin C prevent colds in humans?”
What are the possible answers to your question?
“Vitamin C can prevent colds.”
“Vitamin C can not prevent colds.”

12. Choose a logical response. Write hypothesis in “if, then” format.
“Vitamin C cannot prevent colds in humans.”
Write hypothesis in “if, then” format.
“IF vitamin C has no effect in preventing colds, THEN when vitamin C is given to large numbers of people, just as many will catch colds as those not given vitamin C.”

13. If__(hypothesis)__, then __(action)__, ___(results)___.
action = experimental design (with controlled variables)
Perform experiment.
Interpret results.
Make conclusion and analysis.

14. The End - time to practice