Canada 英语国家概况

Chapter 14 Geography and History Chapter 14 Geography and History Canada

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Geography I History II CONTENT

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Geography I 1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate 1.1 Location and Size 1.3 Major Cities

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.1 Location and Size  1. Which of the following descriptions is correct about Canada?  the second largest country in the world  located in the North American continent  Atlantic in the east, Pacific in the west, Arctic Ocean to the north  share land borders with the United States to the south and northwest  Canada has the longest coastline in the world. √ √ √ √ √

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate  2. How many geographic regions can Canada be divided into?  The Atlantic Region  The Central Region  The Prairie Region  The Pacific Region  The Northern Region  3. Canada’s vast territory and unique topography result in a climate with wide regional variations. Can you figure out what the weather is like in the above regions? a continental climate a moderate climate cold winter, hot summer, sparse precipitation temperature below zero for seven months

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.3 Major Cities—Ottawa  the capital of Canada  the country's fourth largest city  located in the Ottawa Valley  lies on the banks of the Ottawa River  a humid continental climate  the seventh coldest capital in the world by annual average temperature, but ranks the third by mean of January temperature  nickname: Bytown (Left) A house is barely visible from beneath the heavy Ottawa snowfall.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.3 Major Cities—Toronto  located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario  the largest city in Canada  the provincial capital of Ontario  Canada’s financial capital  the fifth most populous municipality in North America  ranked 14th in the world with over 4 million tourist arrivals a year  a humid continental climate  one of the safest major cities in North America with a low crime rate

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.3 Major Cities—Toronto (cont.) the tallest tower in the western hemisphere, the world's second tallest freestanding structure

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.3 Major Cities—Montreal  the second largest city in Canada  the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec  used to be the largest city in Canada and the industrial and financial centre of Canada  The official language of Montreal is French.  the largest French-speaking city in North America, and second in the world after Paris  humid continental climate Montreal's Underground City the largest underground complex in the world

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1.3 Major Cities—Vancouver  a coastal city and major seaport in southwestern British Columbia  the third largest in the country  ranked one of the three most livable cities in the world  ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of metro residents having a first language other than English  temperate climate  the second largest Chinatown in North America after San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade to the use and enjoyment of people of all colors, creeds and customs of all time

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press History II 2.6 Exercise 2.2 European Settlement 2.1 Discovery and Exploration 2.3 British Canada 2.4 Canadian Nation 2.5 Canada Since the 1980s

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2.1 Discovery and Exploration  In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian sea captain, sailed west from Britain, searching for a new route to Asia. This voyage led to the discovery of the Canada.  The French exploration of Canada began in 1535, when Jacques Cartier attempted to find new routes to the Orient.  Trading with the local Indians began.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2.2 European Settlement  In the early 1600s, both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada.  During the 1750s, the famous Seven Years’ War between France and Britain started.  The whole Canada came under British control.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2.3 British Canada  In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, coping with the differences between French and British People.  In 1791, Canada was split into Upper Canada (English-speaking Ontario) and Lower Canada (French-speaking Quebec).  In 1841, Upper and Lower Canada united as the British Colony, the Province of Canada.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2.4 Canadian Nation  In 1867, The Constitution Act created the self-governing dominion of Canada.  In 1931, Canada was recognized as an equal partner of Britain.  The federal government’s power increased since the 1950s to its historical height.  By 1961, the country had become one of the world’s most urbanized nations.  During the 1970s, the relationship between Canada and the US became strained.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2.5 Canada Since the 1980s  The Canada Act of 1982 made Canada a fully sovereign state.  In the early 1990s, Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord both failed in a national referendum.  In the 1993 national election, Progressive Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberals.  In 1997 Chretien’s Liberal government succeeded in ending the 20 years of federal budget deficit.  When Paul Martin took office, Sino-Canadian relationship improved.

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Exercise Rearrange the following event to make a brief outline of the Canadian history.  a. Jacques Cartier arrived and claimed territory for the King of France.34]  b. American Revolution ended with the establishment of the border between Canada and the United States. [ ]  c. First Indian and Inuit resided on the land.  d. American army invaded Canada, captured Montreal and besieged Quebec City..  e. The Constitutional Act established the Upper and Lower Canada..[1791 ] Early History of Canada

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Exercise (cont.)  f. The Quebec Act: the predominant French population in Quebec and surrounding places were allowed to be governed according to French laws.  g. Champlain and the French settled and established control of the territory in and around Quebec City. This colony was called New France..[1608]  h. John Cabot sailed to an island off the coast of Canada, named it Newfoundland, and claimed it for the King of England. [1497]  i. Seven Years' War [  j. The Canada Act made Canada a fully sovereign state. Key: c-h-a-g-i-f-d-b-e Early History of Canada