1. Canada Preview Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today
World Geography Today
7/30/2018
Canada
Preview
Section 1: History and Culture
Section 2: Canada Today
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 9

2. Section 1: History and Culture
Read to Discover
Which European countries played a role in Canada’s early history?
What are some important features of Canadian culture?

3. Section 1: History and Culture
European Arrivals in Canada
Vikings
A.D. 1000
English
1497
French
1530s
British
1700s
Visited eastern shores No permanent settlements
John Cabot Explored for the English
Jacques Cartier Explored St. Lawrence River; French sought northwest passage to Asia, fishing and furs, Catholic converts
French-British conflict In Nova Scotia; settlement increased during American Revolution; provinces established

4. Section 1: History and Culture
Europe’s Role in Canada’s Early History
France
Arrived in 1530s
Goals—to explore, acquire fish and furs, spread Catholic religion
Founded colony in Quebec
Great Britain
Colonized Nova Scotia in 1713
Forced France out by 1763
Organized Canada into provinces
Established self-governing dominion

5. Section 1: History and Culture
Key Features of Canadian Culture
Mix of French and British culture, with U.S. influences
Many immigrants in recent years
French Canadian culture in Quebec
British culture in Ontario and farther west
Inuit, Canadian Indians, and relocated city-dwellers in north

6. Section 2: Canada Today
Read to Discover
What resources and activities drive Canada’s economy?
What factors and processes have influenced the growth of Canada’s cities?
How is Canada organized and governed?

7. Section 2: Canada Today Question
What are the resources and economic activities of each region of Canada?

8. Section 2: Canada Today Canada’s Economy Canadian North
Resources: mineral, diamond, and fossil fuel deposits, freshwater Economic Activities: mining, construction, military posts, tourism
Prairie Provinces
Resources: fertile soils, potash deposits, oil Economic Activities: wheat farming, mining, oil drilling
British Columbia
Resources: forests, fish, minerals Economic Activities: manufacture of forest products, fishing, mining, trade
Resources: fish, forests, minerals, oil Economic Activities: fishing, mining, some industries
Atlantic Provinces
Quebec and Ontario
Resources: farmland, minerals Economic Activities: service industries, manufacturing, farming, mining

9. Factors in the Growth of Canada’s Cities
Section 2: Canada Today
Factors in the Growth of Canada’s Cities
Generally well managed, clean, and safe
Toronto—Canada’s largest city, with major companies and cultural institutions, multicultural population
Montreal—cultural center, with good transit system
Victoria and Vancouver—West Coast centers based on fishing, tourism, trade, entertainment production
Prairie cities: Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg—centers for farming, oil production, trade

10. Section 2: Canada Today Canada’s Government
Maintains British ties and British monarch
Democratic government with a prime minister and elected parliament
Provincial governments have local power
Three northern territories have some control over local issues

11. Section 3: Geographic Issues
Read to Discover
How does the United States influence Canada today?
How have geographic factors affected Canada’s national unity?

12. Section 3: Geographic Issues
Question
How has Canada’s relationship with the United States led to economic, cultural, and social changes there?

13. Section 3: Geographic Issues U.S. Influence on Canada’s Culture
Economy
Population
Culture
Cities
Economies closely tied together; many U.S. companies in Canada
U.S. population is much larger; most Canadians live near U.S. border
American mass media heard and seen in Canada nearly every day
Canadian and U.S. cities linked; increases cultural exchange

14. Section 3: Geographic Issues
Effects of Geography on Canadian Unity
Regional loyalties undermine unity.
Physical barriers and distance contribute to separation.
Differences between French and British cultures promote separatism.

15. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
World Geography Today
7/30/2018
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
What major groups have settled in Canada over time?
What characteristics make Ontario and Quebec Canada’s heartland?
How has Canada’s economy changed over the last century?
How is Canada’s heritage reflected in its system of government? Why was Nunavut created?
What are some important cultural, historical, and economic ties between the United States and Canada?
Chapter 9