Chapter 4

 Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation  Vulnerable to northwest  River valleys  Yellow (Huang He)  Yellow (Huang He) - earliest civilization - damaging floods  Yangtze  Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation

 Hammurabi’s code  Mycenaean Civilization In Greece  Vedic period in India  Stonehenge in England  Moses led Israelites out of Egypt  Mayans processed rubber  King Tut  Homer’s Troy fell  Ramses II of Egypt

 Earliest group – (Neolithic) Ban Po- similar to other parts of the world/ one of the oldest civilizations  Shang Dynasty FIRST DYNASTY  Shang Dynasty BC (FIRST DYNASTY) in N. China along the Huang He - raised silk worms - silk part fascination of China, famous for bronze sculpture, daggers, jade jewelry paid homage to ancestors- family important  Zhou Dynasty  Zhou Dynasty BC – longest dynasty – developed foundations for Chinese society

 Mandate of Heaven  Divine (heavenly) approval giving the right to rule to the emperor

 Wu Wang  Wu Wang – first king of Zhou, gave land grants to lords, relatives, & general  Farming was profitable  Blast furnace used to create iron  Education spread from upper classes to others  Book of Songs – 305 poems  BC – lords became too powerful  Civil War followed, ending the Zhou Dynasty

 Qin Shin Huangdi  Qin Shin Huangdi – founded dynasty 221BC  authoritarian ruler  authoritarian ruler: ▪ ordered nobles to capital ▪ everyone paid high taxes ▪ strict laws & harsh punishments ▪ burned books  created unity with coins, weights & measures, and roads & canals Great Wall  Ordered sections of wall to be joined to form a “Great Wall”  Son overthrown – end of dynasty

 Liu Bang  Liu Bang – founded dynasty 202BC  Wudi  Wudi – greatest leader Silk Road  built Silk Road for trade with the West civil service examination  established school for civil servants – need for civil service examination rather than favoritism  improved silk factories; invented paper, stirrups, wheelbarrow; plow with moveable parts  expanded territory from Korea to Vietnam  AD220 – warlords attacked & overthrew emperor

 religions in Ancient China  Confucianism  Confucianism – 5 Relationships  Daoism  Daoism – Yin & Yang, balance  Buddhism  Buddhism (from India)  showed concerned with ethical life on earth  Filial Piety  Filial Piety – obedience and respect for one’s parents  Legalism Xunzi  Legalism – strong law and harsh punishment to maintain order, created by Xunzi

 Moral and ethical code highly developed to treat everyone with consideration  Value on family head- ancestor respect  Valued loyalty, righteousness, wisdom, sincerity  Five Relationships  Five Relationships: one is an example to the other, inferior learns from superior  Ruler - subjects  Father – son  Husband – wife  Older Brother – younger brother  Friend – friend (members of a community)

 contemporary of Confucius  Dao/Tao  Dao/Tao = the way  the Dao is absolute = sum of existence  goal: to bring people into harmony  very introspective  not as influential as Confucius, but still popular

 Sons more important than daughters  Ban Zhao  Ban Zhao – wrote guide for young women, Admonitions for Girls  agrarian economy  agrarian economy – based on farming  excellent scholars and mathematicians  calculated when eclipse would occur  books written on Algebra & Geometry  pi   pi (  ) calculated to 6 decimal places ( )  physicians  physicians needed to pass an examination to practice – patients treated with acupuncture  education  education and literacy was mostly for upper class – most important during Zhou dynasty

Terra Cotta Army: First Emperor’s Tomb