Chemistry : Introduction to Matter 1.1 Describing Matter

matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Hold up something that is an example of matter.

Write 3 examples of substances. Properties of Matter Chemistry - the study of the properties of matter & how matter changes Substance a single kind of matter that is pure Always has a specific make-up & specific set of properties. Write 3 examples of substances.

What are the 2 kinds of properties every form of matter has? Physical Properties & Chemical Properties

Physical Properties A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed w/out changing it into another substance Ex: water freezing (solid), water (liquid), water vapor (gas) Hardness, texture, color, ability to dissolve, luster, conductivity, magnetism, flexibility Physical properties can be used to classify matter.

Chemical Properties A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances To do this you must try to change it into another substance. Flammability, oxidation, tarnishing Chemical properties be used to classify matter.

Chemical Properties When wood burns, what element does it combine with? Oxygen! Flammability is a chemical property of wood.

Chemical Properties What new substances are produced? Carbon dioxide & ash Flammability is a chemical property of wood.

Chemical Properties When iron rusts, what element does it combine with? Oxidation is a chemical property of iron. Oxygen!

Chemical Properties What new substance is produced? Rust AKA Iron oxide! Oxidation is a chemical property of iron.

Element – pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

How can you tell one element from another?

How can you tell one element from another? By their chemical & physical properties!

Atoms The basic particle from which all elements are made. building blocks of matter Can combine w/ other atoms through chemical bonds Molecules – groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Meet Molly Cule Pop star Molly Cule has dropped her car off at Ms. Frizzle’s car wash before her concert. We join her class just after they were shrunk to examine the dirt on the car AFTER it was washed. Click picture for 5 minute video

Atoms In this figure, what does each sphere represent? An atom How many atoms in a molecule of water? 3 atoms How many atoms in a molecule of oxygen? 2 atoms

Atoms What elements make up water? Hydrogen and oxygen What elements make up carbon dioxide? Carbon & oxygen What holds atoms together? Chemical bonds

Compounds A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together When elements combine, they form compounds w/ different properties than their original properties. What is the ratio of atoms in these compounds? CO2 CO H2O 1 to 2 1 to 1 2 to 1

100 Greatest Discoveries Let’s review oxygen, atoms & molecules Click here for this 8 minute video.

Mixtures 2 or more substances together in the same place but not chemically combined Each substance keeps its original properties

Heterogeneous mixture Easily separated You can see all the different parts Which of these pictures shows a heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixture Mixed so evenly you cannot see all the different parts Which of these pictures shows a homogeneous mixture?

Heterogeneous OR Homogeneous? Sugar water salad brass air homogeneous homogeneous

Separating Mixtures Easy to do because each component keeps its own properties Separate through magnetic attraction, filtration, distillation or evaporation (see fig. 10)

And now back to Ms. Frizzle’s class… Click picture for the 5 minute continuation of the Magic School Bus video.